Alqosh: Bread and cheese

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Transcribed by	Source	Speakers
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	Transcription	Translation
0:00	ʾoðiwa lə́xma b-ʾàlquš.ˈ ʾoðiwa lə́xma b-ʾàlquš.ˈ	They used to make bread in Alqosh.
	qămɛ́θa ʾə́θwalɛ tănùra.ˈ ʾáθ-tănura măšəxnìwalə ʾu …ˈ m-qám mašxónəḥ măḥəð̣ṛiwa lɛ̀ša.ˈ qămɛ́θa ʾə́θwalɛ tănùra.ˈ ʾáθ-tănura măšəxnìwalə ʾu …ˈ m-qám mašxónəḥ măḥəð̣ṛiwa lɛ̀ša.ˈ	Before, they used to have an oven. This oven they heated and before heating it they prepared lεša {dough}.
	lɛ́ša m-ìlə?ˈ lɛ́ša m-ìlə?ˈ	Lεša, what is it?
	kšáqli qàmxa,ˈ xə́ṭṭə - kúllɛ zăṛàʾə-wɛwa,ˈ ʾə́θwālɛ xə̀ṭṭə -ˈ ṭaxníwālɛ, ʾoðíwalɛ qàmxa.ˈ kšáqli qàmxa,ˈ xə́ṭṭə - kúllɛ zăṛàʾə-wɛwa,ˈ ʾə́θwālɛ xə̀ṭṭə -ˈ ṭaxníwālɛ, ʾoðíwalɛ qàmxa.ˈ	They take flour, wheat – all of them were farmers, they had wheat – they milled it, they made it into flour.
	qámxa lɛšíwalə b-màyə-uˈ dárɛwa xmíra-mməḥ-u mə̀lxa-u …ˈ ʾu băhaṛā̀t,ˈ xákma băhaṛā̀t kəmrəxlɛ.ˈ qámxa lɛšíwalə b-màyə-uˈ dárɛwa xmíra-mməḥ-u mə̀lxa-u …ˈ ʾu băhaṛā̀t,ˈ xákma băhaṛā̀t kəmrəxlɛ.ˈ	The flour they kneaded with water, and they put yeast with it and salt and bahārāt {spices} , some bahārāt (as) we call them.
	bás-kámta lā … lá-băhaṛāt də́x t-kéðila b-ʿằṛabi d-amrəx.ˈ kámta darɛ̀wa.ˈ bás-kámta lā … lá-băhaṛāt də́x t-kéðila b-ʿằṛabi d-amrəx.ˈ kámta darɛ̀wa.ˈ	Just kamta , not bahārāt as they know them in Arabic, I'd say. They added kamta.
	ʾoðíwa tréʾ ṭlăθa-šəkləd-lə̀xma,ˈ mənnɛy lə́xma răqìqaˈ ʾu mənnɛ́y paθxàθaˈ ʾu mənnɛ́y, ʾən măxəmíwālə rànda,ˈ ʾamriwalɛ xmìʾə-uˈ ʾóðiwa taxràθa.ˈ ʾoðíwa tréʾ ṭlăθa-šəkləd-lə̀xma,ˈ mənnɛy lə́xma răqìqaˈ ʾu mənnɛ́y paθxàθaˈ ʾu mənnɛ́y, ʾən măxəmíwālə rànda,ˈ ʾamriwalɛ xmìʾə-uˈ ʾóðiwa taxràθa.ˈ	They made two or three types of bread, among them 'fine bread' and among them paθxāθa {large thin pitta breads} and among them, if they leavened it well, (what) they called 'leavened'; and they made taxrāθa {small thick pitta breads}.
	ʾu taxráθa ʾaškā̀l-ilɛ …ˈ šə̀klə hadax:ˈ ʾáði d-gùpta;ˈ ʾəθwa mənnɛ́y s-sə̀sqə,ˈ mənnɛ́y d-ʿə̀ruq,ˈ d-gə̀rsaˈ … ʾā́y taxràθa.ˈ ʾu taxráθa ʾaškā̀l-ilɛ …ˈ šə̀klə hadax:ˈ ʾáði d-gùpta;ˈ ʾəθwa mənnɛ́y s-sə̀sqə,ˈ mənnɛ́y d-ʿə̀ruq,ˈ d-gə̀rsaˈ … ʾā́y taxràθa.ˈ	And taxrāθa come in different kinds … kinds like this: cheese-bread ; there was among them sheep's-tail-fat-bread, among them >eruq -bread, cracked-wheat-bread … That's taxrāθa.
	kúd lɛšìwalɛ,ˈ darɛwa xwána p-pàlga.ˈ kúd lɛšìwalɛ,ˈ darɛwa xwána p-pàlga.ˈ	When they kneaded them, they put a xwāna {low round table} in the middle.
	lɛšiwa-uˈ mqaṭṭíwalə lɛ̀ša,ˈ lɛšiwa-uˈ mqaṭṭíwalə lɛ̀ša,ˈ	They kneaded and pinched off the dough.
	ʾən wɛwa taxráθa-u paθxàθa,ˈ bás[z]-găròmaˈ - gàrmiwalɛ.ˈ ʾən wɛwa taxráθa-u paθxàθa,ˈ bás[z]-găròmaˈ - gàrmiwalɛ.ˈ	If they were taxrāθa and paθxāθa, just a rolling-pin – they rolled them out.
	w-ən hawewa ráqqa d-lə̀xmaˈ - ráqqa … yaʿni ʾani răqìqəˈ - maxɛ́walɛ b-gèṛa.ˈ w-ən hawewa ráqqa d-lə̀xmaˈ - ráqqa … yaʿni ʾani răqìqəˈ - maxɛ́walɛ b-gèṛa.ˈ	And if it was a raqqa {thin piece} of bread – a raqqa, that is, the thin ones – they rolled it with a gēra {fine rolling pin}.
	géṛa qɛ́sa yărìxɛ-lə hadax;ˈ năqìða.ˈ géṛa qɛ́sa yărìxɛ-lə hadax;ˈ năqìða.ˈ	A gēra is a long piece of wood like this; thin.
	ʾu lə́xma răqíqa mṭapɛ́walə go mànzaq.ˈ ʾu lə́xma răqíqa mṭapɛ́walə go mànzaq.ˈ	And the fine bread they stuck (inside the oven) with the oven-cushion.
	go mánzaq dlà-čayəqˈ dárɛlə b-ìða,ˈ lánnăhu ṛàbə káwɛ.ˈ go mánzaq dlà-čayəqˈ dárɛlə b-ìða,ˈ lánnăhu ṛàbə káwɛ.ˈ	With the oven-cushion so that it doesn't tear, so that they may hold it with the hand, because they are large.
	ʾu ʾáni taxráθa-u paθxáθa hàr-b-iða;ˈ mə́nnɛy b-mànzaq,ˈ mə́nnɛy b-ìða mṭapɛ́walɛ.ˈ ʾu ʾáni taxráθa-u paθxáθa hàr-b-iða;ˈ mə́nnɛy b-mànzaq,ˈ mə́nnɛy b-ìða mṭapɛ́walɛ.ˈ	And these, taxrāθa and paθxāθa, are just with the hand; some of them with an oven-cushion, some of them they stuck them with the hand.
	klíθa l-bàxtɛ-la: ʾən ʾəθwaba d- … moráwa ʾíðaḥ p-tanúra dla … dlà-manzaqta.ˈ klíθa l-bàxtɛ-la: ʾən ʾəθwaba d- … moráwa ʾíðaḥ p-tanúra dla … dlà-manzaqta.ˈ	It depends on the woman: if she could put her hand into the oven without an oven-cushion.
	mṭapɛ́walɛ p-tanúra hawewa … mŭlə̀hyaˈ - malhɛwa ló qɛ́sa lo bàrta.ˈ mṭapɛ́walɛ p-tanúra hawewa … mŭlə̀hyaˈ - malhɛwa ló qɛ́sa lo bàrta.ˈ	They stuck them inside an oven which had been lit – they lit either wood or sheep-dung.
	bárta ʾani … [B. păṭòxə.ˈ] păṭòxə yaʿni …ˈ toràθa.ˈ bárta ʾani … [B. păṭòxə.ˈ] păṭòxə yaʿni …ˈ toràθa.ˈ	Sheep-dung, these … [B. Cow dung.] cow-dung, I mean … Cows.
	ʾā́y wewa šărɛ̀y, məskénə;ˈ làθwalɛ.ˈ ʾā́y wewa šărɛ̀y, məskénə;ˈ làθwalɛ.ˈ	This was their fuel, the poor; they didn't have (anything else).
	ʾā́y lə̀xma ʾu …ˈ lə́xma măpəlṭìwalə,ˈ xá-qəṣṣa răkìxa.ˈ ʾā́y lə̀xma ʾu …ˈ lə́xma măpəlṭìwalə,ˈ xá-qəṣṣa răkìxa.ˈ	That's bread … The bread they brought out, a little soft.
	kúd paləṭwa, šăxína, taʾpìwalə;ˈ təttə̀-gaθaˈ lánnăhu mḍàwwar-wewaˈ kúd paləṭwa, šăxína, taʾpìwalə;ˈ təttə̀-gaθaˈ lánnăhu mḍàwwar-wewaˈ	When it came out, hot, they folded it, twice because it was circular.
	taʾpíwa ġðá-gaθa ʾaw təttə̀ʾ;ˈ payəšwa xá-məndi mθàllaθ.ˈ taʾpíwa ġðá-gaθa ʾaw təttə̀ʾ;ˈ payəšwa xá-məndi mθàllaθ.ˈ	They folded once or twice; it became something triangular.
	baθə́r-dəx yawə́šwa, payəšwa -ˈ ʾarewa qàlwa hadax.ˈ baθə́r-dəx yawə́šwa, payəšwa -ˈ ʾarewa qàlwa hadax.ˈ	«...» Afterwards it dried and became – took a shape, like this.
	ṭamšíwalə b-màyə-uˈ darɛwalə p-sàllaˈ lo b- … paθàrtaˈ lo ṭabaqìyaˈ ʾamriwala táma-uˈ gðílaḥ m-qaṣàlə.ˈ ṭamšíwalə b-màyə-uˈ darɛwalə p-sàllaˈ lo b- … paθàrtaˈ lo ṭabaqìyaˈ ʾamriwala táma-uˈ gðílaḥ m-qaṣàlə.ˈ	They dipped it in water and put it in a basket or in a paθarta-basket or a ṭabaqiya {wicker tray}, (as) they called it there, woven from straws.
	mkasɛ́walə xa-bɛ̀na-uˈ rakəxwa payəšwa x-pàsta.ˈ mkasɛ́walə xa-bɛ̀na-uˈ rakəxwa payəšwa x-pàsta.ˈ	They covered it for a while and it softened and became like cloth.
	ʾu taxráθa-u paθxáθa lá-rɛsiwalɛ b-màyə.ˈ ʾu taxráθa-u paθxáθa lá-rɛsiwalɛ b-màyə.ˈ	Taxrāθa and paθxāθa they did not sprinkle with water.
	ʾā́y lə̀xma.ˈ ʾā́y lə̀xma.ˈ	That's bread.
	dáṛəx l-gùpta,ˈ déx ʾoðíwala gùpta.ˈ dáṛəx l-gùpta,ˈ déx ʾoðíwala gùpta.ˈ	Let us return to cheese, how they made the cheese.
	ʾaθéwa mzabnàna-uˈ lo ʾáni d-ə́θwalɛ ʾə̀rwə-uˈ toràθa-u …ˈ guptəd-ʾə́rwə bə̀š-bassəmtɛ-la-uˈ bə̀š-rxəšta.ˈ ʾaθéwa mzabnàna-uˈ lo ʾáni d-ə́θwalɛ ʾə̀rwə-uˈ toràθa-u …ˈ guptəd-ʾə́rwə bə̀š-bassəmtɛ-la-uˈ bə̀š-rxəšta.ˈ	There used to come a seller or those who had sheep and cows … Sheep's cheese is nicer and more common.
	ʾoðíwala gùpta;ˈ hoyáwa xā̀m dəx d-ámrəx:ˈ xā̀m.ˈ lắ-wawa wə́ðta … šlə̀qta.ˈ ʾoðíwala gùpta;ˈ hoyáwa xā̀m dəx d-ámrəx:ˈ xā̀m.ˈ lắ-wawa wə́ðta … šlə̀qta.ˈ	They made the cheese; it was unprocessed, as we say: 'unprocessed'. It was not made … boiled.
	zonə́xwala gùpta-uˈ mɛθə́xwala l-bɛ̀θa;ˈ zonə́xwala gùpta-uˈ mɛθə́xwala l-bɛ̀θa;ˈ	We bought the cheese and took it home;
	ʾoðə́xwala … qɛṣə́xwala zəlpə̀-zəlpə;ˈ măṛəθxə́xwala b-màyə,ˈ xằ-qəṣṣa.ˈ ʾoðə́xwala … qɛṣə́xwala zəlpə̀-zəlpə;ˈ măṛəθxə́xwala b-màyə,ˈ xằ-qəṣṣa.ˈ	we made it … we cut it into slices; we boiled it in water, a little.
	kpɛ́ša x- … x-ʿallùča,ˈ x-lastìk,ˈ hádax pšə̀rta.ˈ kpɛ́ša x- … x-ʿallùča,ˈ x-lastìk,ˈ hádax pšə̀rta.ˈ	It becomes like … like chewing gum, like elastic, melted like that.
	mənnɛ́y d-bás-ʾoðiwala d- … m-mə̀lxa:ˈ ʾani … báθər-ma š-šalqìla,ˈ ʾoðíwala fə̀ṣṣə …ˈ [interruption] mənnɛ́y d-bás-ʾoðiwala d- … m-mə̀lxa:ˈ ʾani … báθər-ma š-šalqìla,ˈ ʾoðíwala fə̀ṣṣə …ˈ [interruption]	(There were) some who just made it with salt. These … after they boiled it, they made it into segments. [interruption]
	gùpta:ˈ šalqìwala;ˈ ʾoðíwala … mə́nnaḥ p-tùma,ˈ mə́nnaḥ bás-b-mə̀lxaˈ - lá-darɛwa tùma gawaḥ.ˈ gùpta:ˈ šalqìwala;ˈ ʾoðíwala … mə́nnaḥ p-tùma,ˈ mə́nnaḥ bás-b-mə̀lxaˈ - lá-darɛwa tùma gawaḥ.ˈ	Cheese: they boiled it; they made some of it with garlic and some of it just with salt – they didn't put garlic in it.
	túma tằri, yaʿni,ˈ lắ-tuma mən d-ani fə̀ṣṣə.ˈ [B. yărùqə.ˈ] yărùqə d-amrəx,ˈ ʾè.ˈ túma tằri, yaʿni,ˈ lắ-tuma mən d-ani fə̀ṣṣə.ˈ [B. yărùqə.ˈ] yărùqə d-amrəx,ˈ ʾè.ˈ	Fresh garlic, I mean, not garlic from these cloves. [B. Green.] Green, as we say, yes.
	băθə́r-dəx šaqlìwala,ˈ daʿkíwala b-ìðaˈ mṣănəṣlíwalɛ màyaḥ.ˈ ʿaṣrìwala,ˈ máyaḥ palṭìwa.ˈ băθə́r-dəx šaqlìwala,ˈ daʿkíwala b-ìðaˈ mṣănəṣlíwalɛ màyaḥ.ˈ ʿaṣrìwala,ˈ máyaḥ palṭìwa.ˈ	After that they took it, they pressed it by hand, they made its water drip out. They squeezed it, its water came out.
	darɛ́wa túma p-pàlgaḥ,ˈ ʾu dabqíwala l-ə̀ġðaðəˈ - wola x-kŭbàbta.ˈ darɛ́wa túma p-pàlgaḥ,ˈ ʾu dabqíwala l-ə̀ġðaðəˈ - wola x-kŭbàbta.ˈ	They put garlic in the middle of it, and they stuck it together – it's like a kubba.
	darɛ́wala b-mə̀lxa;ˈ darɛ́wala p-qóqa lo p-sànda.ˈ darɛ́wala b-mə̀lxa;ˈ darɛ́wala p-qóqa lo p-sànda.ˈ	They put it in salt; they put it in a small pot or a big pot.
	ʾu darɛ́wa máyə [interruption] máyə-u mə̀lxa,ˈ r-rešɛ̀yˈ ʾìman t-qɛṛáwa.ˈ ʾu darɛ́wa máyə [interruption] máyə-u mə̀lxa,ˈ r-rešɛ̀yˈ ʾìman t-qɛṛáwa.ˈ	And they put bri- [interruption] brine, on top of them, when it cooled down.
	darɛwa máyə-u mə́lxa r-rešɛ̀y-uˈ darɛwa máyə-u mə́lxa r-rešɛ̀y-uˈ	They put brine on top of them
	darɛwa ġðá-ṭapšə̀kθa,ˈ párčəd- … [B. faràšta.ˈ] făràšta ʾamriwala,ˈ t-ḥắṣu … bṭə̀xta,ˈ ta t-páyəš yùqra r-réšaḥ,ˈ wə́l n-naxθàwa,ˈ xu máyə-u mə̀lxa-uˈ ʾu ʾàxliwa.ˈ darɛwa ġðá-ṭapšə̀kθa,ˈ párčəd- … [B. faràšta.ˈ] făràšta ʾamriwala,ˈ t-ḥắṣu … bṭə̀xta,ˈ ta t-páyəš yùqra r-réšaḥ,ˈ wə́l n-naxθàwa,ˈ xu máyə-u mə̀lxa-uˈ ʾu ʾàxliwa.ˈ</span>	and they put a flat-stone, a piece of … [A pebble. ] a pebble they called it, of pebble, flat, to be a weight on top of it, until it would go down, under the brine … And they ate.

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<span class=aramaic>(28) ʾoðiwa lə́xma b-ʾàlquš.ˈ (29) qămɛ́θa ʾə́θwalɛ tănùra.ˈ ʾáθ-tănura măšəxnìwalə ʾu …ˈ m-qám mašxónəḥ măḥəð̣ṛiwa lɛ̀ša.ˈ (30) lɛ́ša m-ìlə?ˈ (31) kšáqli qàmxa,ˈ xə́ṭṭə - kúllɛ  zăṛàʾə-wɛwa,ˈ ʾə́θwālɛ xə̀ṭṭə -ˈ ṭaxníwālɛ, ʾoðíwalɛ qàmxa.ˈ (32) qámxa lɛšíwalə b-màyə-uˈ dárɛwa xmíra-mməḥ-u mə̀lxa-u …ˈ ʾu băhaṛā̀t,ˈ xákma băhaṛā̀t kəmrəxlɛ.ˈ (33) bás-kámta lā … lá-băhaṛāt də́x t-kéðila b-ʿằṛabi d-amrəx.ˈ kámta darɛ̀wa.ˈ

(34) ʾoðíwa tréʾ ṭlăθa-šəkləd-lə̀xma,ˈ mənnɛy lə́xma răqìqaˈ ʾu mənnɛ́y paθxàθaˈ ʾu mənnɛ́y, ʾən măxəmíwālə rànda,ˈ ʾamriwalɛ xmìʾə-uˈ ʾóðiwa taxràθa.ˈ (35) ʾu taxráθa ʾaškā̀l-ilɛ …ˈ šə̀klə hadax:ˈ ʾáði d-gùpta;ˈ ʾəθwa mənnɛ́y s-sə̀sqə,ˈ mənnɛ́y d-ʿə̀ruq,ˈ d-gə̀rsaˈ …  ʾā́y taxràθa.ˈ

(36) kúd lɛšìwalɛ,ˈ darɛwa xwána p-pàlga.ˈ (37) lɛšiwa-uˈ mqaṭṭíwalə lɛ̀ša,ˈ (38) ʾən wɛwa taxráθa-u paθxàθa,ˈ bás[z]-găròmaˈ - gàrmiwalɛ.ˈ (39) w-ən hawewa ráqqa d-lə̀xmaˈ - ráqqa … yaʿni ʾani răqìqəˈ - maxɛ́walɛ b-gèṛa.ˈ (40) géṛa qɛ́sa yărìxɛ-lə hadax;ˈ năqìða.ˈ

(41) ʾu lə́xma răqíqa mṭapɛ́walə go mànzaq.ˈ (42) go mánzaq  dlà-čayəqˈ dárɛlə b-ìða,ˈ lánnăhu ṛàbə káwɛ.ˈ (43) ʾu ʾáni taxráθa-u paθxáθa hàr-b-iða;ˈ mə́nnɛy b-mànzaq,ˈ mə́nnɛy b-ìða mṭapɛ́walɛ.ˈ (44) klíθa l-bàxtɛ-la: ʾən ʾəθwaba d- … moráwa ʾíðaḥ p-tanúra dla … dlà-manzaqta.ˈ
	
(45) mṭapɛ́walɛ p-tanúra hawewa … mŭlə̀hyaˈ - malhɛwa ló qɛ́sa lo bàrta.ˈ (46) bárta ʾani … [B. păṭòxə.ˈ] păṭòxə yaʿni …ˈ toràθa.ˈ (47) ʾā́y wewa šărɛ̀y, məskénə;ˈ làθwalɛ.ˈ
	
(48) ʾā́y lə̀xma ʾu …ˈ lə́xma măpəlṭìwalə,ˈ xá-qəṣṣa răkìxa.ˈ (49) kúd paləṭwa, šăxína, taʾpìwalə;ˈ təttə̀-gaθaˈ lánnăhu mḍàwwar-wewaˈ (50) taʾpíwa ġðá-gaθa ʾaw təttə̀ʾ;ˈ payəšwa xá-məndi mθàllaθ.ˈ (51) baθə́r-dəx yawə́šwa, payəšwa -ˈ ʾarewa qàlwa hadax.ˈ (52) ṭamšíwalə b-màyə-uˈ darɛwalə p-sàllaˈ lo b- … paθàrtaˈ lo ṭabaqìyaˈ ʾamriwala táma-uˈ gðílaḥ m-qaṣàlə.ˈ (53) mkasɛ́walə xa-bɛ̀na-uˈ rakəxwa payəšwa x-pàsta.ˈ (54) ʾu taxráθa-u paθxáθa lá-rɛsiwalɛ b-màyə.ˈ (55) ʾā́y lə̀xma.ˈ
	
(56) dáṛəx l-gùpta,ˈ déx ʾoðíwala gùpta.ˈ (57) ʾaθéwa mzabnàna-uˈ lo ʾáni d-ə́θwalɛ ʾə̀rwə-uˈ toràθa-u …ˈ guptəd-ʾə́rwə bə̀š-bassəmtɛ-la-uˈ bə̀š-rxəšta.ˈ (58) ʾoðíwala gùpta;ˈ hoyáwa xā̀m dəx d-ámrəx:ˈ  xā̀m.ˈ lắ-wawa wə́ðta … šlə̀qta.ˈ (59) zonə́xwala gùpta-uˈ mɛθə́xwala l-bɛ̀θa;ˈ (60) ʾoðə́xwala … qɛṣə́xwala zəlpə̀-zəlpə;ˈ măṛəθxə́xwala  b-màyə,ˈ xằ-qəṣṣa.ˈ (61) kpɛ́ša x- … x-ʿallùča,ˈ x-lastìk,ˈ hádax pšə̀rta.ˈ (62) mənnɛ́y d-bás-ʾoðiwala d- … m-mə̀lxa:ˈ ʾani … báθər-ma š-šalqìla,ˈ ʾoðíwala fə̀ṣṣə …ˈ [interruption]

(63) gùpta:ˈ  šalqìwala;ˈ ʾoðíwala … mə́nnaḥ p-tùma,ˈ mə́nnaḥ bás-b-mə̀lxaˈ - lá-darɛwa tùma gawaḥ.ˈ (64) túma tằri, yaʿni,ˈ lắ-tuma mən d-ani fə̀ṣṣə.ˈ [B. yărùqə.ˈ] yărùqə d-amrəx,ˈ ʾè.ˈ (65) băθə́r-dəx šaqlìwala,ˈ daʿkíwala b-ìðaˈ mṣănəṣlíwalɛ màyaḥ.ˈ ʿaṣrìwala,ˈ máyaḥ palṭìwa.ˈ (66) darɛ́wa túma p-pàlgaḥ,ˈ ʾu dabqíwala l-ə̀ġðaðəˈ - wola x-kŭbàbta.ˈ (67) darɛ́wala b-mə̀lxa;ˈ darɛ́wala p-qóqa lo p-sànda.ˈ (68) ʾu darɛ́wa máyə [interruption] máyə-u mə̀lxa,ˈ r-rešɛ̀yˈ ʾìman t-qɛṛáwa.ˈ (69) darɛwa máyə-u mə́lxa r-rešɛ̀y-uˈ (70) darɛwa ġðá-ṭapšə̀kθa,ˈ párčəd- … [B. faràšta.ˈ] făràšta ʾamriwala,ˈ t-ḥắṣu  … bṭə̀xta,ˈ ta t-páyəš yùqra r-réšaḥ,ˈ wə́l n-naxθàwa,ˈ xu máyə-u mə̀lxa-uˈ ʾu ʾàxliwa.ˈ</span>

Translation:

(28) They used to make bread in Alqosh. (29) Before, they used to have an oven. This oven they heated and before heating it they prepared lεša {dough}. (30) Lεša, what is it? (31) They take flour, wheat – all of them were farmers, they had wheat – they milled it, they made it into flour. (32) The flour they kneaded with water, and they put yeast with it and salt and bahārāt {spices} , some bahārāt (as) we call them. (33) Just kamta , not bahārāt as they know them in Arabic, I'd say.  They added kamta.

(34) They made two or three types of bread, among them 'fine bread' and among them paθxāθa {large thin pitta breads} and among them, if they leavened it well, (what) they called 'leavened'; and they made taxrāθa {small thick pitta breads}. (35) And taxrāθa come in different kinds  … kinds like this: cheese-bread ; there was among them sheep's-tail-fat-bread, among them >eruq -bread, cracked-wheat-bread … That's taxrāθa.

(36) When they kneaded them, they put a xwāna {low round table} in the middle. (37) They kneaded and pinched off the dough. (38) If they were taxrāθa and paθxāθa, just a rolling-pin – they rolled them out. (39) And if it was a raqqa {thin piece} of bread – a raqqa, that is, the thin ones – they rolled it  with a gēra {fine rolling pin}. (40) A gēra is a long piece of wood like this; thin.

(41) And the fine bread they stuck (inside the oven) with the oven-cushion. (42) With the oven-cushion so that it doesn't tear, so that they may hold it with the hand, because they are large. (43) And these, taxrāθa and paθxāθa, are just with the hand; some of them with an oven-cushion, some of them they stuck them with the hand. (44) It depends on the woman: if she could put her hand into the oven without an oven-cushion.

(45) They stuck them inside an oven which had been lit – they lit either wood or sheep-dung. (46) Sheep-dung, these … [B. Cow dung.] cow-dung, I mean … Cows. (47) This was their fuel, the poor; they didn't have (anything else).

(48) That's bread … The bread they brought out, a little soft. (49) When it came out, hot, they folded it, twice because it was circular. (50) They folded once or twice; it became something triangular. (51) «...» Afterwards it dried and became – took a shape, like this. (52) They dipped it in water and put it in a basket or in a paθarta-basket or a ṭabaqiya {wicker tray}, (as) they called it there, woven from straws. (53) They covered it for a while and it softened and became like cloth. (54) Taxrāθa and paθxāθa they did not sprinkle with water. (55) That's bread.

(56) Let us return to cheese, how they made the cheese. (57) There used to come a seller or those who had sheep and cows … Sheep's cheese is nicer and more common. (58) They made the cheese; it was unprocessed, as we say: 'unprocessed'. It was not made … boiled. (59) We bought the cheese and took it home; (60) we made it … we cut it into slices; we boiled it in water, a little. (61) It becomes like … like chewing gum,  like elastic, melted like that. (62) (There were) some who just made it with salt. These … after they boiled it, they made it into segments. [interruption]

(63) Cheese: they boiled it; they made some of it  with garlic and some of it just with salt – they didn't put garlic in it. (64) Fresh garlic, I mean, not garlic from these cloves. [B. Green.] Green, as we say,  yes. (65) After that they took it, they pressed it by hand, they made its water drip out. They squeezed it, its water came out. (66) They put garlic in the middle of it, and they stuck it together – it's like a kubba.  (67) They put it in salt; they put it in a small pot or a big pot. (68) And they put bri- [interruption] brine,  on top of them, when it cooled down. (69) They put brine on top of them (70) and they put a flat-stone, a piece of … [A pebble. ] a pebble they called it, of pebble, flat, to be a weight on top of it, until it would go down, under the brine … And they ate.