Urmi, Christian: Village Life

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Transcribed by	Source	Speakers	Place
Geoffrey Khan	Khan, Geoffrey. The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Assyrian Christians of Urmi. 4 vols. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 86. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2016, vol. 4	Nadia Aloverdova	Guylasar, Armenia

	Transcription	Translation
0:00	⁺ʾaturáyət dìyyanˈ k̭ámta k̭át bəxxàyəva láxxaˈ ʾə́tvalan ⁺bùk̭raˈ xamúvva tavəryáy ʾərbìyyəˈ móriša bə́ššəva ⁺bùk̭raˈ ⁺bérāš bitàyəva.ˈ tavəryátə ⁺bəxlavèva.ˈ b-de ⁺xàlvaˈ bədráyəva k̭a-ɟanèˈ ɟùpta.ˈ ɟùpta꞊daˈ ⁺rába sámo bəšvák̭o k̭a-sə̀tvaˈ k̭át ⁺dān꞊t sə́tva mə́ndi ⁺xála lḕl váya,ˈ b-dé ɟúpta p̂-ùrxa bə́ššəna.ˈ sắvi ɟúptət mə̀lxaˈ ʾə́tlan ɟúpta ⁺ṱumə̀rta. múr ʾá mújjur ⁺ṱarúsox ɟùpta.ˈ tavə́rta ⁺bəxlàvot.ˈ šaxə́nta šaxə̀nta,ˈ bədráyət ɟávo p̂èp̂sin.ˈ ⁺màya ci-tanáxvala, ⁺màya.ˈ k̭ámta ⁺máya ⁺ṱarùsuvaˈ b-⁺máyət ʾərbìta.ˈ b-dáyya ⁺màya ⁺ṱarúsəva.ˈ b-dé marrúvvəxva … ɟùptaˈ ɟav-ɟúpta ʾadíyya bədráyəx p̂ə̀p̂siˈ ɟu-šaxə́nta šaxə́nta ⁺xálva bədráyəx p̂ə̀p̂si.ˈ váyəla rìtaˈ dáx ⁺c̭árra hə̀nnaˈ ⁺ʾal-màsta bədmáyəla.ˈ ⁺bək̭ṱàyotˈ k̭at-míyyo pàlṱi.ˈ b-⁺masipána ⁺masyupḕx,ˈ ⁺bəxlàsəx,ˈ mìyya ⁺pláṱəna.ˈ ⁺xárta bədráyəx ⁺ʾallé mə̀lxaˈ k̭at-k̭avìni.ˈ mən-⁺bár dàyənˈ bədvák̭əx míyya mə̀lxaˈ míyya mə́lxa bədvák̭əx b-bìtaˈ bítət ctèta.ˈ ɟár xáda ʾoyàniˈ k̭át bìtaˈ máx c̭àp̂p̂əc̭ˈ ʾátxa mabyənnáni ⁺ʾal-pàtaˈ k̭át lá ⁺šòr ʾoyániˈ lá꞊da pàxta ʾoyániˈ ɟúpta k̭at-là xárva.ˈ ʾé mumlə́xta ɟùptaˈ bədráyox ɟu-míyya mə̀lxa.ˈ ʾánɟa ⁺báyyax ʾàxnanˈ k̭a-sə̀tvaˈ xamàxxa,ˈ ⁺ṱumə̀rta ɟúpta.ˈ ʾáxnan b-⁺xálva bašúləx jàjəc.ˈ ⁺xálva ⁺mardùxux,ˈ ⁺dàvvə ⁺mardúxət.ˈ ⁺xàlva꞊daˈ ⁺bək̭ṱàyələ.ˈ mə́lxa bədráyət ɟavè.ˈ ʾḗn ⁺dàvvə,ˈ tánax ⁺dávvə ⁺bək̭ṱàyəna.ˈ ʾáni꞊da ⁺masyupḕxˈ ʾáni váyəna dàyk̭ə.ˈ ⁺bəxvaṱḗx mən-ɟùpta.ˈ p̂aṱp̂úṱox ɟùptaˈ mən-dá jájəc ⁺bəxvàṱox.ˈ mən-⁺ṱuránə mávəx … ⁺sə̀tra.ˈ k̭éṱa ɟabúvvox yá ⁺sə̀traˈ mabrùzox.ˈ brə́zta ⁺sə́tra ⁺bəxváṱox ɟu-jàjəcˈ ɟu-ɟùpta.ˈ ⁺bəxlásovax cúllə ɟú k̭upšìta.ˈ k̭upšə́nta bí … ⁺ṱìna c-odìla,ˈ mak̭k̭ùdona.ˈ bíyyo ⁺ṱamùrona tanáxən.ˈ ʾayyá cúllə ⁺bəxláso ɟu-da-k̭upšə̀nta,ˈ ⁺ʾal-páto mattúvvət júlla ⁺xvàraˈ ⁺bə́zzə ⁺bə̀zzəˈ márəx ⁺màrla.ˈ k̭àmtaˈ baxtáyət díyyan b-rišè ci-⁺seríva.ˈ k̭ək̭k̭àšta c-odíva,ˈ ⁺márla bìnt xínaˈ k̭at-ʾidé bəsyarèna.ˈ mən-dó ⁺k̭ə̀ṱṱaˈ ⁺ʾárp̂a ták̭ə vàdətˈ mattúvvot ⁺ʾal-ɟùpta.ˈ ⁺ʾávva mattúvvəna ⁺ʾàmraˈ lá mə̀sya.ˈ k̭at-šə́xtu là-ʾazəlniˈ ʾé júlla xamùvvula.ˈ mən-⁺bár dàyˈ b-xa júlla xíta ⁺bəsyàrət.ˈ ⁺maxdúrot ⁺ʾal-pùmmo.ˈ ɟu-xá dúca bədráyət ⁺k̭ùṱma.ˈ ⁺k̭ùṱma꞊daˈ k̭ésə k̭át mak̭k̭udḕt,ˈ ʾo ⁺k̭ùṱmaˈ bədráyət xá-dana k̭ùxa.ˈ yá k̭upšə́nta ⁺maxdùrotˈ ɟu-⁺k̭ùṱmaˈ k̭át míyyo cúllə ⁺sèpi.ˈ ⁺ʾámra mìyya bəɟrášələ.ˈ ʾḗn míyya cúllə ʾátxa mən-ɟu-ɟúpta bəɟrašèləˈ bə́ššəna ɟu-⁺k̭ùṱma.ˈ xáda maccúsot k̭upšə̀ntaˈ pálɟo ɟár ʾoyáni b-⁺k̭úṱma mcə̀staˈ k̭át ⁺háva là-⁺ʾavərni.ˈ sə́tva bəptàxot.ˈ ʾḗn ⁺ʾámrə ⁺šúlə ⁺paluṱḕt.ˈ ɟúpta ⁺ṱumə̀rtaˈ ⁺rába basə̀mtaˈ b-dàyənˈ ⁺jamáhat p̂-ùrxa bə̀ššəla.ˈ pyáyəna ⁺lavàša.ˈ láxmət díyyan ⁺lavàšələ.ˈ ɟu-tanùyra ci-payyàxxə.ˈ ⁺róba ɟanáy léna ⁺myása laváša pàyyini.ˈ ɟərdèyə c-odíva.ˈ ⁺hálam sắvi mən-ɟərdèyəˈ ʾə́tvalan bí ⁺màšə c-odívalunˈ mù꞊ina mára?ˈ ⁺jàlləˈ pyáyəva ⁺jàllə.ˈ ɟavé bədráyəva ⁺bùsləˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭ə.ˈ ⁺ʾal-tanùyraˈ ci-maxìvalun.ˈ ⁺róba basìməva.ˈ ʾádi ʾátxa jílət díyyan cúllə munšiyyèna.ˈ nanúntət díyyi c-odáva harìsaˈ ɟu-k̭upšə̀nta.ˈ ci-mattávala ɟu-nùyra,ˈ ɟu-tanùyraˈ bí núyra ci-macsàvala.ˈ k̭upšə́nta ʾə́tvala ʾátxa k̭ərrə̀šk̭aˈ maccùsovaˈ bí ṱìnaˈ bəšyàpovaˈ k̭át míyyo ⁺radxìvaˈ lá tapxìva.ˈ xḕrˈ bəxzàyətˈ harísa b-ctèta vádunaˈ bí p̂ə̀rda váduna.ˈ p̂ə́rda nàyaˈ ⁺bəṱràpunaˈ ʾo-k̭álpu ⁺palùṱuna.ˈ ⁺xə̀ṱṱəˈ ⁺xə̀ṱṱə mxáyənaˈ k̭alpé ⁺plàṱələˈ váyəla p̂ə́rda nàya.ˈ lḕx bašúləˈ bašúlə ⁺ʾávun p̂ə̀rdələ.ˈ ⁺ʾámman ʾó nàya,ˈ bədráya ɟu-k̭upšə̀ntaˈ mən-⁺búsrət ctèta,ˈ ⁺k̭aṱk̭úṱət bədráya ɟàvo.ˈ míyya bədràyətˈ púmmo maccùsutˈ mattúvvot ɟu-tanùyra.ˈ bšàləlaˈ váyəla ʾátxa ⁺k̭àša.ˈ ʾátxa k̭ùya váyəla xína.ˈ ʾátxa bəšk̭álət b-čàmča,ˈ bəšk̭álot ʾàtxaˈ ⁺bəryáxəla.ˈ k̭a-dáyya márəna harìsa.ˈ ⁺rába basə̀mtəla.ˈ ⁺xàrtaˈ mə́drə ɟu-k̭upšə̀ntaˈ bašùləxvaˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭ə.ˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭əˈ bədráyəxva míyya b-rišè.ˈ máni꞊t ʾə́tvalə ɟòzə,ˈ ɟózə ⁺mráč̭əva bədráyəva ɟàvo.ˈ xá tíca꞊da mə̀šxa,ˈ mə́drə páto maccúsova b-⁺ṱìna,ˈ bəšyàpova,ˈ mattúvva ɟu-nùyra.ˈ bí núyra maccùsona.ˈ hár ⁺bərdàxəlaˈ hə́nna ptàxəla xínaˈ ⁺bəddáyəxva k̭át bšìləva.ˈ ⁺paluṱḕxva,ˈ mšayḕxvaˈ paluṱḕxva mən-ɟávo.ˈ ⁺xárta vádəxva ⁺ġabàma.ˈ ⁺k̭árra bəšk̭àləxˈ ɟávu tammùzux.ˈ mláyəna ɟávu ⁺rə̀zza,ˈ dùyša,ˈ ʾánɟət ⁺byáyəna bí ⁺xlìta ʾodíni,ˈ cəšmìšəˈ mattúvvəna ɟàvo.ˈ púmmo maccùsunaˈ mə́drə bí núyra maccùsona.ˈ bšàləla.ˈ cúllə bəɟrášəla ɟávo váyəla pùllu.ˈ ʾə́ttən púllu har-ʾàtxa ⁺bixálona bí mə̀šxaˈ ʾə́ttən ⁺xàlva bədráyəna b-ríšo,ˈ ⁺bixàləna.ˈ ʾé ⁺k̭árra k̭át pràmonaˈ sámə sàməla.ˈ ⁺ʾal-de-sáma pálɟa váyəla ⁺rə̀zzaˈ ⁺bixàlət,ˈ ⁺róba basə̀mtəla.ˈ k̭a-dáyya márəx ⁺ġabàma.ˈ lḗn ⁺bəddá ʾadíyya ʾaxtóxun vàdətunˈ lètun vádaˈ lḕn ⁺bəddá.ˈ xína júrrə məndiyyànəˈ tanáxən ⁺dòlmət ⁺ṱárpə vádəxˈ ʾət-⁺ʾànvə,ˈ ⁺ṱárpət ⁺ʾànvə.ˈ ⁺ṱárpət ⁺ʾànvəˈ čarmúxəx ⁺dòlmaˈ calàmə꞊da ʾítənˈ ⁺ṱàrpə꞊da ʾítən.ˈ ɟu-⁺ṱárpə šə̀bbəd bədráyənaˈ ⁺ʾámma ɟu-caláma cúllə ⁺k̭azánča꞊da ci-⁺xoṱìlunˈ ʾḗn ɟəllàləˈ júrrə júrrə ɟəllàlə bədráyəna.ˈ ⁺ʾámman ɟu-dáyya xá šə̀bbədˈ bədráyəna mən-⁺tòləˈ mə́ndi xína lèna bədráya.ˈ ⁺ʾaturáyət dìyyanˈ k̭ámta k̭át bəxxàyəva láxxaˈ ʾə́tvalan ⁺bùk̭raˈ xamúvva tavəryáy ʾərbìyyəˈ móriša bə́ššəva ⁺bùk̭raˈ ⁺bérāš bitàyəva.ˈ tavəryátə ⁺bəxlavèva.ˈ b-de ⁺xàlvaˈ bədráyəva k̭a-ɟanèˈ ɟùpta.ˈ ɟùpta꞊daˈ ⁺rába sámo bəšvák̭o k̭a-sə̀tvaˈ k̭át ⁺dān꞊t sə́tva mə́ndi ⁺xála lḕl váya,ˈ b-dé ɟúpta p̂-ùrxa bə́ššəna.ˈ sắvi ɟúptət mə̀lxaˈ ʾə́tlan ɟúpta ⁺ṱumə̀rta. múr ʾá mújjur ⁺ṱarúsox ɟùpta.ˈ tavə́rta ⁺bəxlàvot.ˈ šaxə́nta šaxə̀nta,ˈ bədráyət ɟávo p̂èp̂sin.ˈ ⁺màya ci-tanáxvala, ⁺màya.ˈ k̭ámta ⁺máya ⁺ṱarùsuvaˈ b-⁺máyət ʾərbìta.ˈ b-dáyya ⁺màya ⁺ṱarúsəva.ˈ b-dé marrúvvəxva … ɟùptaˈ ɟav-ɟúpta ʾadíyya bədráyəx p̂ə̀p̂siˈ ɟu-šaxə́nta šaxə́nta ⁺xálva bədráyəx p̂ə̀p̂si.ˈ váyəla rìtaˈ dáx ⁺c̭árra hə̀nnaˈ ⁺ʾal-màsta bədmáyəla.ˈ ⁺bək̭ṱàyotˈ k̭at-míyyo pàlṱi.ˈ b-⁺masipána ⁺masyupḕx,ˈ ⁺bəxlàsəx,ˈ mìyya ⁺pláṱəna.ˈ ⁺xárta bədráyəx ⁺ʾallé mə̀lxaˈ k̭at-k̭avìni.ˈ mən-⁺bár dàyənˈ bədvák̭əx míyya mə̀lxaˈ míyya mə́lxa bədvák̭əx b-bìtaˈ bítət ctèta.ˈ ɟár xáda ʾoyàniˈ k̭át bìtaˈ máx c̭àp̂p̂əc̭ˈ ʾátxa mabyənnáni ⁺ʾal-pàtaˈ k̭át lá ⁺šòr ʾoyániˈ lá꞊da pàxta ʾoyániˈ ɟúpta k̭at-là xárva.ˈ ʾé mumlə́xta ɟùptaˈ bədráyox ɟu-míyya mə̀lxa.ˈ ʾánɟa ⁺báyyax ʾàxnanˈ k̭a-sə̀tvaˈ xamàxxa,ˈ ⁺ṱumə̀rta ɟúpta.ˈ ʾáxnan b-⁺xálva bašúləx jàjəc.ˈ ⁺xálva ⁺mardùxux,ˈ ⁺dàvvə ⁺mardúxət.ˈ ⁺xàlva꞊daˈ ⁺bək̭ṱàyələ.ˈ mə́lxa bədráyət ɟavè.ˈ ʾḗn ⁺dàvvə,ˈ tánax ⁺dávvə ⁺bək̭ṱàyəna.ˈ ʾáni꞊da ⁺masyupḕxˈ ʾáni váyəna dàyk̭ə.ˈ ⁺bəxvaṱḗx mən-ɟùpta.ˈ p̂aṱp̂úṱox ɟùptaˈ mən-dá jájəc ⁺bəxvàṱox.ˈ mən-⁺ṱuránə mávəx … ⁺sə̀tra.ˈ k̭éṱa ɟabúvvox yá ⁺sə̀traˈ mabrùzox.ˈ brə́zta ⁺sə́tra ⁺bəxváṱox ɟu-jàjəcˈ ɟu-ɟùpta.ˈ ⁺bəxlásovax cúllə ɟú k̭upšìta.ˈ k̭upšə́nta bí … ⁺ṱìna c-odìla,ˈ mak̭k̭ùdona.ˈ bíyyo ⁺ṱamùrona tanáxən.ˈ ʾayyá cúllə ⁺bəxláso ɟu-da-k̭upšə̀nta,ˈ ⁺ʾal-páto mattúvvət júlla ⁺xvàraˈ ⁺bə́zzə ⁺bə̀zzəˈ márəx ⁺màrla.ˈ k̭àmtaˈ baxtáyət díyyan b-rišè ci-⁺seríva.ˈ k̭ək̭k̭àšta c-odíva,ˈ ⁺márla bìnt xínaˈ k̭at-ʾidé bəsyarèna.ˈ mən-dó ⁺k̭ə̀ṱṱaˈ ⁺ʾárp̂a ták̭ə vàdətˈ mattúvvot ⁺ʾal-ɟùpta.ˈ ⁺ʾávva mattúvvəna ⁺ʾàmraˈ lá mə̀sya.ˈ k̭at-šə́xtu là-ʾazəlniˈ ʾé júlla xamùvvula.ˈ mən-⁺bár dàyˈ b-xa júlla xíta ⁺bəsyàrət.ˈ ⁺maxdúrot ⁺ʾal-pùmmo.ˈ ɟu-xá dúca bədráyət ⁺k̭ùṱma.ˈ ⁺k̭ùṱma꞊daˈ k̭ésə k̭át mak̭k̭udḕt,ˈ ʾo ⁺k̭ùṱmaˈ bədráyət xá-dana k̭ùxa.ˈ yá k̭upšə́nta ⁺maxdùrotˈ ɟu-⁺k̭ùṱmaˈ k̭át míyyo cúllə ⁺sèpi.ˈ ⁺ʾámra mìyya bəɟrášələ.ˈ ʾḗn míyya cúllə ʾátxa mən-ɟu-ɟúpta bəɟrašèləˈ bə́ššəna ɟu-⁺k̭ùṱma.ˈ xáda maccúsot k̭upšə̀ntaˈ pálɟo ɟár ʾoyáni b-⁺k̭úṱma mcə̀staˈ k̭át ⁺háva là-⁺ʾavərni.ˈ sə́tva bəptàxot.ˈ ʾḗn ⁺ʾámrə ⁺šúlə ⁺paluṱḕt.ˈ ɟúpta ⁺ṱumə̀rtaˈ ⁺rába basə̀mtaˈ b-dàyənˈ ⁺jamáhat p̂-ùrxa bə̀ššəla.ˈ pyáyəna ⁺lavàša.ˈ láxmət díyyan ⁺lavàšələ.ˈ ɟu-tanùyra ci-payyàxxə.ˈ ⁺róba ɟanáy léna ⁺myása laváša pàyyini.ˈ ɟərdèyə c-odíva.ˈ ⁺hálam sắvi mən-ɟərdèyəˈ ʾə́tvalan bí ⁺màšə c-odívalunˈ mù꞊ina mára?ˈ ⁺jàlləˈ pyáyəva ⁺jàllə.ˈ ɟavé bədráyəva ⁺bùsləˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭ə.ˈ ⁺ʾal-tanùyraˈ ci-maxìvalun.ˈ ⁺róba basìməva.ˈ ʾádi ʾátxa jílət díyyan cúllə munšiyyèna.ˈ nanúntət díyyi c-odáva harìsaˈ ɟu-k̭upšə̀nta.ˈ ci-mattávala ɟu-nùyra,ˈ ɟu-tanùyraˈ bí núyra ci-macsàvala.ˈ k̭upšə́nta ʾə́tvala ʾátxa k̭ərrə̀šk̭aˈ maccùsovaˈ bí ṱìnaˈ bəšyàpovaˈ k̭át míyyo ⁺radxìvaˈ lá tapxìva.ˈ xḕrˈ bəxzàyətˈ harísa b-ctèta vádunaˈ bí p̂ə̀rda váduna.ˈ p̂ə́rda nàyaˈ ⁺bəṱràpunaˈ ʾo-k̭álpu ⁺palùṱuna.ˈ ⁺xə̀ṱṱəˈ ⁺xə̀ṱṱə mxáyənaˈ k̭alpé ⁺plàṱələˈ váyəla p̂ə́rda nàya.ˈ lḕx bašúləˈ bašúlə ⁺ʾávun p̂ə̀rdələ.ˈ ⁺ʾámman ʾó nàya,ˈ bədráya ɟu-k̭upšə̀ntaˈ mən-⁺búsrət ctèta,ˈ ⁺k̭aṱk̭úṱət bədráya ɟàvo.ˈ míyya bədràyətˈ púmmo maccùsutˈ mattúvvot ɟu-tanùyra.ˈ bšàləlaˈ váyəla ʾátxa ⁺k̭àša.ˈ ʾátxa k̭ùya váyəla xína.ˈ ʾátxa bəšk̭álət b-čàmča,ˈ bəšk̭álot ʾàtxaˈ ⁺bəryáxəla.ˈ k̭a-dáyya márəna harìsa.ˈ ⁺rába basə̀mtəla.ˈ ⁺xàrtaˈ mə́drə ɟu-k̭upšə̀ntaˈ bašùləxvaˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭ə.ˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭əˈ bədráyəxva míyya b-rišè.ˈ máni꞊t ʾə́tvalə ɟòzə,ˈ ɟózə ⁺mráč̭əva bədráyəva ɟàvo.ˈ xá tíca꞊da mə̀šxa,ˈ mə́drə páto maccúsova b-⁺ṱìna,ˈ bəšyàpova,ˈ mattúvva ɟu-nùyra.ˈ bí núyra maccùsona.ˈ hár ⁺bərdàxəlaˈ hə́nna ptàxəla xínaˈ ⁺bəddáyəxva k̭át bšìləva.ˈ ⁺paluṱḕxva,ˈ mšayḕxvaˈ paluṱḕxva mən-ɟávo.ˈ ⁺xárta vádəxva ⁺ġabàma.ˈ ⁺k̭árra bəšk̭àləxˈ ɟávu tammùzux.ˈ mláyəna ɟávu ⁺rə̀zza,ˈ dùyša,ˈ ʾánɟət ⁺byáyəna bí ⁺xlìta ʾodíni,ˈ cəšmìšəˈ mattúvvəna ɟàvo.ˈ púmmo maccùsunaˈ mə́drə bí núyra maccùsona.ˈ bšàləla.ˈ cúllə bəɟrášəla ɟávo váyəla pùllu.ˈ ʾə́ttən púllu har-ʾàtxa ⁺bixálona bí mə̀šxaˈ ʾə́ttən ⁺xàlva bədráyəna b-ríšo,ˈ ⁺bixàləna.ˈ ʾé ⁺k̭árra k̭át pràmonaˈ sámə sàməla.ˈ ⁺ʾal-de-sáma pálɟa váyəla ⁺rə̀zzaˈ ⁺bixàlət,ˈ ⁺róba basə̀mtəla.ˈ k̭a-dáyya márəx ⁺ġabàma.ˈ lḗn ⁺bəddá ʾadíyya ʾaxtóxun vàdətunˈ lètun vádaˈ lḕn ⁺bəddá.ˈ xína júrrə məndiyyànəˈ tanáxən ⁺dòlmət ⁺ṱárpə vádəxˈ ʾət-⁺ʾànvə,ˈ ⁺ṱárpət ⁺ʾànvə.ˈ ⁺ṱárpət ⁺ʾànvəˈ čarmúxəx ⁺dòlmaˈ calàmə꞊da ʾítənˈ ⁺ṱàrpə꞊da ʾítən.ˈ ɟu-⁺ṱárpə šə̀bbəd bədráyənaˈ ⁺ʾámma ɟu-caláma cúllə ⁺k̭azánča꞊da ci-⁺xoṱìlunˈ ʾḗn ɟəllàləˈ júrrə júrrə ɟəllàlə bədráyəna.ˈ ⁺ʾámman ɟu-dáyya xá šə̀bbədˈ bədráyəna mən-⁺tòləˈ mə́ndi xína lèna bədráya.ˈ	Our Assyrians who were living here before, we had cattle, they kept cattle and sheep. In the morning the herd went out and came back in the evening. They milked the cows. With this milk they produced cheese for themselves. They leave a large proportion of the cheese for winter, because in the time of winter there is nothing to eat, they make do with the cheese. Apart from salted cheese we have buried cheese. Say ‘How do we make this cheese?’ You milk the cow, while (the milk is) warm you put pepsin into it. We call it rennet, rennet. In the old days they used to make rennet with the intestine of a sheep. They made rennet with that. We used to set cheese with that. Now we put pepsin in cheese, in very warm milk we put pepsin. It sets, like butter, it resembles yoghurt. You separate it so that its water comes out. We strain it with a strainer. We squeeze it and the water comes out. Then we put salt on it , so it becomes hard. After that we take salt water, we take salt water with an egg, the egg of a chicken. It must be thus, so that the egg appears on the surface like a kopeck, so that it is not over-salted nor insipid, so that the cheese does not go bad. We put the salted cheese in salt water. If we want to keep it for the winter (we made) buried cheese. With milk we cooked jajəc. We boil the milk. You boil yoghurt buttermilk. The milk curdles. You put salt in it. The buttermilk, let’s say the buttermilk curdles. We strain it and it becomes fine. We mix it with cheese. We break up the cheese and mix it with this jajəc. We bring thyme from the mountains. We gather this thyme in the summer and dry it. We mix the dry thyme in the jajəc, in the cheese. We squeeze it all into a pot. They make the pot with clay and fire it. They bury with it, we say. Squeezing it all in this pot, you put a white cloth on its top containing holes, we say gauze. In the old days our women used to tie it on their head. They used to make it into a headscarf, gauze, a bandage with which they bind their hands. From that piece you make four folds and put it on the cheese. (On this) they put unwashed wool. The cloth prevents dirt from going in. After that, you tie it with another cloth. You turn it upside down. You put ash in a place. The ash, when you burn wood, you put the ash in a pile. You invert the pot in the ash so that all its water drains. The wool draws the water. It draws all the water in this way from the cheese and it goes into the ash. You cover the pot thus so that half of it is covered in the ash so that air does not enter. In winter you open it. You take off the wool and so forth. Buried cheese, very tasty—with this the community subsists. They bake flat bread. Our bread is flat bread. We bake it in the oven. Many people are not able to bake flat bread. They used to make loaves. Still other than loaves we used to have what they made with beans. What do they call them? _⁺jallə._ They bake _⁺jallə_. In these they put onions, red beans. They put them on the oven. They were very tasty. Now our young people have forgotten all these. My grandmother used to make _harisa_ (meat with crushed boiled wheat) in a pot . She put it in the fire, in the oven. She used to cover it with fire. The pot had a lid like this, which covered it. They smeared it with mud so that the water, when it boiled, would not spill. Well, you see they make _harisa_ with chicken and they make it with grain, with husks. They pound the raw grain and they take off its husk. Wheat, they beat wheat, its skin comes of and it becomes raw grain. We do not cook it, what we cook is the grain, but as for the raw grain, you put in some chicken meat, you chop it up and put it in it. You put in water, you cover its mouth and put it in the oven. It cooks and it becomes like porridge. It becomes thick like that. You take it in a spoon; when you take it, it stretches out like this. They call this _harisa_. It is very tasty. Again in the pot we used to cook red beans. As for red beans, we used to put water on them. Whoever had walnuts would crush walnuts and put them in it. A little oil, again they cover its top with soil and smear it, then put it on the fire. They cover it with fire. As soon as it boils, the thing opens and we know that it is cooked, we took them out, we scraped them out of it (the pot). Then we made _⁺ġabama_. We take a pumpkin and we clear out its inside. They fill it with rice, honey, if they want to make it with something sweet, they put raisins in it. They cover its top and again cover it (and put it) on the fire. It cooks. It draws everything inside it and becomes pulp. There are some who eat the pulp with oil, there are some who put milk on it and eat it. When they cut the pumpkin, and it is in layers, in the middle part there is rice, you eat it, it is very tasty. We call this _⁺ġabama_. I do not know whether you now do it or do not do it, I do not know. Well, various things, let us say we make _dolmə_ of vine leaves, vine leaves. We roll vine leaves into a _dolma_, there are also cabbage as well as vine leaves. They put dill in the vine leaves, but in cabbage _dolma_ they mix all the herbs into the pot, they put in various types of herbs. But in that one (_dolma_ of vine leaves) they put a sprig of dill together with coriander, they do not put in anything else.

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Transcription:

⁺ʾaturáyət dìyyanˈ k̭ámta k̭át bəxxàyəva láxxaˈ ʾə́tvalan ⁺bùk̭raˈ xamúvva tavəryáy ʾərbìyyəˈ móriša bə́ššəva ⁺bùk̭raˈ ⁺bérāš bitàyəva.ˈ tavəryátə ⁺bəxlavèva.ˈ b-de ⁺xàlvaˈ bədráyəva k̭a-ɟanèˈ ɟùpta.ˈ ɟùpta꞊daˈ ⁺rába sámo bəšvák̭o k̭a-sə̀tvaˈ k̭át ⁺dān꞊t sə́tva mə́ndi ⁺xála lḕl váya,ˈ b-dé ɟúpta p̂-ùrxa bə́ššəna.ˈ sắvi ɟúptət mə̀lxaˈ ʾə́tlan ɟúpta ⁺ṱumə̀rta. múr ʾá mújjur ⁺ṱarúsox ɟùpta.ˈ tavə́rta ⁺bəxlàvot.ˈ šaxə́nta šaxə̀nta,ˈ bədráyət ɟávo p̂èp̂sin.ˈ ⁺màya ci-tanáxvala, ⁺màya.ˈ k̭ámta ⁺máya ⁺ṱarùsuvaˈ b-⁺máyət ʾərbìta.ˈ b-dáyya ⁺màya ⁺ṱarúsəva.ˈ b-dé marrúvvəxva … ɟùptaˈ ɟav-ɟúpta ʾadíyya bədráyəx p̂ə̀p̂siˈ ɟu-šaxə́nta šaxə́nta ⁺xálva bədráyəx p̂ə̀p̂si.ˈ váyəla rìtaˈ dáx ⁺c̭árra hə̀nnaˈ ⁺ʾal-màsta bədmáyəla.ˈ ⁺bək̭ṱàyotˈ k̭at-míyyo pàlṱi.ˈ b-⁺masipána ⁺masyupḕx,ˈ ⁺bəxlàsəx,ˈ mìyya ⁺pláṱəna.ˈ ⁺xárta bədráyəx ⁺ʾallé mə̀lxaˈ k̭at-k̭avìni.ˈ mən-⁺bár dàyənˈ bədvák̭əx míyya mə̀lxaˈ míyya mə́lxa bədvák̭əx b-bìtaˈ bítət ctèta.ˈ ɟár xáda ʾoyàniˈ k̭át bìtaˈ máx c̭àp̂p̂əc̭ˈ ʾátxa mabyənnáni ⁺ʾal-pàtaˈ k̭át lá ⁺šòr ʾoyániˈ lá꞊da pàxta ʾoyániˈ ɟúpta k̭at-là xárva.ˈ ʾé mumlə́xta ɟùptaˈ bədráyox ɟu-míyya mə̀lxa.ˈ ʾánɟa ⁺báyyax ʾàxnanˈ k̭a-sə̀tvaˈ xamàxxa,ˈ ⁺ṱumə̀rta ɟúpta.ˈ ʾáxnan b-⁺xálva bašúləx jàjəc.ˈ ⁺xálva ⁺mardùxux,ˈ ⁺dàvvə ⁺mardúxət.ˈ ⁺xàlva꞊daˈ ⁺bək̭ṱàyələ.ˈ mə́lxa bədráyət ɟavè.ˈ ʾḗn ⁺dàvvə,ˈ tánax ⁺dávvə ⁺bək̭ṱàyəna.ˈ ʾáni꞊da ⁺masyupḕxˈ ʾáni váyəna dàyk̭ə.ˈ ⁺bəxvaṱḗx mən-ɟùpta.ˈ p̂aṱp̂úṱox ɟùptaˈ mən-dá jájəc ⁺bəxvàṱox.ˈ mən-⁺ṱuránə mávəx … ⁺sə̀tra.ˈ k̭éṱa ɟabúvvox yá ⁺sə̀traˈ mabrùzox.ˈ brə́zta ⁺sə́tra ⁺bəxváṱox ɟu-jàjəcˈ ɟu-ɟùpta.ˈ ⁺bəxlásovax cúllə ɟú k̭upšìta.ˈ k̭upšə́nta bí … ⁺ṱìna c-odìla,ˈ mak̭k̭ùdona.ˈ bíyyo ⁺ṱamùrona tanáxən.ˈ ʾayyá cúllə ⁺bəxláso ɟu-da-k̭upšə̀nta,ˈ ⁺ʾal-páto mattúvvət júlla ⁺xvàraˈ ⁺bə́zzə ⁺bə̀zzəˈ márəx ⁺màrla.ˈ k̭àmtaˈ baxtáyət díyyan b-rišè ci-⁺seríva.ˈ k̭ək̭k̭àšta c-odíva,ˈ ⁺márla bìnt xínaˈ k̭at-ʾidé bəsyarèna.ˈ mən-dó ⁺k̭ə̀ṱṱaˈ ⁺ʾárp̂a ták̭ə vàdətˈ mattúvvot ⁺ʾal-ɟùpta.ˈ ⁺ʾávva mattúvvəna ⁺ʾàmraˈ lá mə̀sya.ˈ k̭at-šə́xtu là-ʾazəlniˈ ʾé júlla xamùvvula.ˈ mən-⁺bár dàyˈ b-xa júlla xíta ⁺bəsyàrət.ˈ ⁺maxdúrot ⁺ʾal-pùmmo.ˈ ɟu-xá dúca bədráyət ⁺k̭ùṱma.ˈ ⁺k̭ùṱma꞊daˈ k̭ésə k̭át mak̭k̭udḕt,ˈ ʾo ⁺k̭ùṱmaˈ bədráyət xá-dana k̭ùxa.ˈ yá k̭upšə́nta ⁺maxdùrotˈ ɟu-⁺k̭ùṱmaˈ k̭át míyyo cúllə ⁺sèpi.ˈ ⁺ʾámra mìyya bəɟrášələ.ˈ ʾḗn míyya cúllə ʾátxa mən-ɟu-ɟúpta bəɟrašèləˈ bə́ššəna ɟu-⁺k̭ùṱma.ˈ xáda maccúsot k̭upšə̀ntaˈ pálɟo ɟár ʾoyáni b-⁺k̭úṱma mcə̀staˈ k̭át ⁺háva là-⁺ʾavərni.ˈ sə́tva bəptàxot.ˈ ʾḗn ⁺ʾámrə ⁺šúlə ⁺paluṱḕt.ˈ ɟúpta ⁺ṱumə̀rtaˈ ⁺rába basə̀mtaˈ b-dàyənˈ ⁺jamáhat p̂-ùrxa bə̀ššəla.ˈ pyáyəna ⁺lavàša.ˈ láxmət díyyan ⁺lavàšələ.ˈ ɟu-tanùyra ci-payyàxxə.ˈ ⁺róba ɟanáy léna ⁺myása laváša pàyyini.ˈ ɟərdèyə c-odíva.ˈ ⁺hálam sắvi mən-ɟərdèyəˈ ʾə́tvalan bí ⁺màšə c-odívalunˈ mù꞊ina mára?ˈ ⁺jàlləˈ pyáyəva ⁺jàllə.ˈ ɟavé bədráyəva ⁺bùsləˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭ə.ˈ ⁺ʾal-tanùyraˈ ci-maxìvalun.ˈ ⁺róba basìməva.ˈ ʾádi ʾátxa jílət díyyan cúllə munšiyyèna.ˈ nanúntət díyyi c-odáva harìsaˈ ɟu-k̭upšə̀nta.ˈ ci-mattávala ɟu-nùyra,ˈ ɟu-tanùyraˈ bí núyra ci-macsàvala.ˈ k̭upšə́nta ʾə́tvala ʾátxa k̭ərrə̀šk̭aˈ maccùsovaˈ bí ṱìnaˈ bəšyàpovaˈ k̭át míyyo ⁺radxìvaˈ lá tapxìva.ˈ xḕrˈ bəxzàyətˈ harísa b-ctèta vádunaˈ bí p̂ə̀rda váduna.ˈ p̂ə́rda nàyaˈ ⁺bəṱràpunaˈ ʾo-k̭álpu ⁺palùṱuna.ˈ ⁺xə̀ṱṱəˈ ⁺xə̀ṱṱə mxáyənaˈ k̭alpé ⁺plàṱələˈ váyəla p̂ə́rda nàya.ˈ lḕx bašúləˈ bašúlə ⁺ʾávun p̂ə̀rdələ.ˈ ⁺ʾámman ʾó nàya,ˈ bədráya ɟu-k̭upšə̀ntaˈ mən-⁺búsrət ctèta,ˈ ⁺k̭aṱk̭úṱət bədráya ɟàvo.ˈ míyya bədràyətˈ púmmo maccùsutˈ mattúvvot ɟu-tanùyra.ˈ bšàləlaˈ váyəla ʾátxa ⁺k̭àša.ˈ ʾátxa k̭ùya váyəla xína.ˈ ʾátxa bəšk̭álət b-čàmča,ˈ bəšk̭álot ʾàtxaˈ ⁺bəryáxəla.ˈ k̭a-dáyya márəna harìsa.ˈ ⁺rába basə̀mtəla.ˈ ⁺xàrtaˈ mə́drə ɟu-k̭upšə̀ntaˈ bašùləxvaˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭ə.ˈ ⁺mášə smùk̭əˈ bədráyəxva míyya b-rišè.ˈ máni꞊t ʾə́tvalə ɟòzə,ˈ ɟózə ⁺mráč̭əva bədráyəva ɟàvo.ˈ xá tíca꞊da mə̀šxa,ˈ mə́drə páto maccúsova b-⁺ṱìna,ˈ bəšyàpova,ˈ mattúvva ɟu-nùyra.ˈ bí núyra maccùsona.ˈ hár ⁺bərdàxəlaˈ hə́nna ptàxəla xínaˈ ⁺bəddáyəxva k̭át bšìləva.ˈ ⁺paluṱḕxva,ˈ mšayḕxvaˈ paluṱḕxva mən-ɟávo.ˈ ⁺xárta vádəxva ⁺ġabàma.ˈ ⁺k̭árra bəšk̭àləxˈ ɟávu tammùzux.ˈ mláyəna ɟávu ⁺rə̀zza,ˈ dùyša,ˈ ʾánɟət ⁺byáyəna bí ⁺xlìta ʾodíni,ˈ cəšmìšəˈ mattúvvəna ɟàvo.ˈ púmmo maccùsunaˈ mə́drə bí núyra maccùsona.ˈ bšàləla.ˈ cúllə bəɟrášəla ɟávo váyəla pùllu.ˈ ʾə́ttən púllu har-ʾàtxa ⁺bixálona bí mə̀šxaˈ ʾə́ttən ⁺xàlva bədráyəna b-ríšo,ˈ ⁺bixàləna.ˈ ʾé ⁺k̭árra k̭át pràmonaˈ sámə sàməla.ˈ ⁺ʾal-de-sáma pálɟa váyəla ⁺rə̀zzaˈ ⁺bixàlət,ˈ ⁺róba basə̀mtəla.ˈ k̭a-dáyya márəx ⁺ġabàma.ˈ lḗn ⁺bəddá ʾadíyya ʾaxtóxun vàdətunˈ lètun vádaˈ lḕn ⁺bəddá.ˈ xína júrrə məndiyyànəˈ tanáxən ⁺dòlmət ⁺ṱárpə vádəxˈ ʾət-⁺ʾànvə,ˈ ⁺ṱárpət ⁺ʾànvə.ˈ ⁺ṱárpət ⁺ʾànvəˈ čarmúxəx ⁺dòlmaˈ calàmə꞊da ʾítənˈ ⁺ṱàrpə꞊da ʾítən.ˈ ɟu-⁺ṱárpə šə̀bbəd bədráyənaˈ ⁺ʾámma ɟu-caláma cúllə ⁺k̭azánča꞊da ci-⁺xoṱìlunˈ ʾḗn ɟəllàləˈ júrrə júrrə ɟəllàlə bədráyəna.ˈ ⁺ʾámman ɟu-dáyya xá šə̀bbədˈ bədráyəna mən-⁺tòləˈ mə́ndi xína lèna bədráya.ˈ

Translation:

Our Assyrians who were living here before, we had cattle, they kept cattle and sheep. In the morning the herd went out and came back in the evening. They milked the cows. With this milk they produced cheese for themselves. They leave a large proportion of the cheese for winter, because in the time of winter there is nothing to eat, they make do with the cheese. Apart from salted cheese we have buried cheese. Say ‘How do we make this cheese?’ You milk the cow, while (the milk is) warm you put pepsin into it. We call it rennet, rennet. In the old days they used to make rennet with the intestine of a sheep. They made rennet with that. We used to set cheese with that. Now we put pepsin in cheese, in very warm milk we put pepsin. It sets, like butter, it resembles yoghurt. You separate it so that its water comes out. We strain it with a strainer. We squeeze it and the water comes out. Then we put salt on it , so it becomes hard. After that we take salt water, we take salt water with an egg, the egg of a chicken. It must be thus, so that the egg appears on the surface like a kopeck, so that it is not over-salted nor insipid, so that the cheese does not go bad. We put the salted cheese in salt water. If we want to keep it for the winter (we made) buried cheese. With milk we cooked jajəc. We boil the milk. You boil yoghurt buttermilk. The milk curdles. You put salt in it. The buttermilk, let’s say the buttermilk curdles. We strain it and it becomes fine. We mix it with cheese. We break up the cheese and mix it with this jajəc. We bring thyme from the mountains. We gather this thyme in the summer and dry it. We mix the dry thyme in the jajəc, in the cheese. We squeeze it all into a pot. They make the pot with clay and fire it. They bury with it, we say. Squeezing it all in this pot, you put a white cloth on its top containing holes, we say gauze. In the old days our women used to tie it on their head. They used to make it into a headscarf, gauze, a bandage with which they bind their hands. From that piece you make four folds and put it on the cheese. (On this) they put unwashed wool. The cloth prevents dirt from going in. After that, you tie it with another cloth. You turn it upside down. You put ash in a place. The ash, when you burn wood, you put the ash in a pile. You invert the pot in the ash so that all its water drains. The wool draws the water. It draws all the water in this way from the cheese and it goes into the ash. You cover the pot thus so that half of it is covered in the ash so that air does not enter. In winter you open it. You take off the wool and so forth. Buried cheese, very tasty—with this the community subsists. They bake flat bread. Our bread is flat bread. We bake it in the oven. Many people are not able to bake flat bread. They used to make loaves. Still other than loaves we used to have what they made with beans. What do they call them? _⁺jallə._ They bake _⁺jallə_. In these they put onions, red beans. They put them on the oven. They were very tasty. Now our young people have forgotten all these. My grandmother used to make _harisa_ (meat with crushed boiled wheat) in a pot . She put it in the fire, in the oven. She used to cover it with fire. The pot had a lid like this, which covered it. They smeared it with mud so that the water, when it boiled, would not spill. Well, you see they make _harisa_ with chicken and they make it with grain, with husks. They pound the raw grain and they take off its husk. Wheat, they beat wheat, its skin comes of and it becomes raw grain. We do not cook it, what we cook is the grain, but as for the raw grain, you put in some chicken meat, you chop it up and put it in it. You put in water, you cover its mouth and put it in the oven. It cooks and it becomes like porridge. It becomes thick like that. You take it in a spoon; when you take it, it stretches out like this. They call this _harisa_. It is very tasty. Again in the pot we used to cook red beans. As for red beans, we used to put water on them. Whoever had walnuts would crush walnuts and put them in it. A little oil, again they cover its top with soil and smear it, then put it on the fire. They cover it with fire. As soon as it boils, the thing opens and we know that it is cooked, we took them out, we scraped them out of it (the pot). Then we made _⁺ġabama_. We take a pumpkin and we clear out its inside. They fill it with rice, honey, if they want to make it with something sweet, they put raisins in it. They cover its top and again cover it (and put it) on the fire. It cooks. It draws everything inside it and becomes pulp. There are some who eat the pulp with oil, there are some who put milk on it and eat it. When they cut the pumpkin, and it is in layers, in the middle part there is rice, you eat it, it is very tasty. We call this _⁺ġabama_. I do not know whether you now do it or do not do it, I do not know. Well, various things, let us say we make _dolmə_ of vine leaves, vine leaves. We roll vine leaves into a _dolma_, there are also cabbage as well as vine leaves. They put dill in the vine leaves, but in cabbage _dolma_ they mix all the herbs into the pot, they put in various types of herbs. But in that one (_dolma_ of vine leaves) they put a sprig of dill together with coriander, they do not put in anything else.