Qaraqosh (Baghdede): Agriculture

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Transcribed by	Source	Speakers	Place
Geoffrey Khan	Khan, Geoffrey. The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Qaraqosh. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2002	-	London, UK

	Transcription	Translation
0:00	ʾəb-Baġdèdə,ˈ qaméṯa zarə́xwa b-ʾòjar.ˈ ʾójar ʾáhulə xa-mə́ndi d-gárəšlə xmàra.ˈ k-záwalhən qadə́mta ṣabā̀ḥ,ˈ ʾu-g-raḏéwa b-gáwəḥ hál d-xə̀ška áwə dúnyə.ˈ liʾánna ḥélə šúla jəhwèwa,ˈ ʾu-ġḏá sìkka iyáwa.ˈ g-zárəxwa Baġdédə xə́ṭṭe-u sʿára-w ṭlòxə,ˈ ʾu-qə́ssa xortmáne-u baqə̀llə.ˈ háḏi k-amríla kràwaˈ baʿdén ʾitnàyaˈ yáʿni náqla xə́rta d-k-áṯe mqalwíla àra.ˈ baʿdén əg-zarə́ʾla, gə-bazə́qla bzàqaˈ b-idàṯa.ˈ ʾu-káṯe wáqtəd našólə kə-mnašlíwa b-idàṯa,ˈ m-màgla,ˈ k-amríla màgla.ˈ ʾu-k-aṯéwa ʾə̀nšə,ˈ k-oḏíwa kòḏə,ˈ ʾu-baʿdén k-maṯéwalhə l-ḥaḏ̣ìra,ˈ ʾu-k-oḏíwa garə̀gra,ˈ g-deqìwalhə,ˈ ʾánə xə́ṭṭə deqíwalhə ʾaw-ṭlóxə, ʾaw-sʾàrə.ˈ deqiwalhə̀,ˈ ʾu-kə-mdaréwalhə daróyə m-məlxáwəd xàšab,ˈ ʾu-ʾə́ṯwa ḥélə jamáʿə d-k-oḏíwa məlxàwə,ˈ Bí Nagàraˈ k-oḏíwa məlxáwə d-xàšabˈ ʾu-d-gəldà,ˈ ʾu-kəm-daréwa b-gàwəḥ.ˈ garə̀graˈ ʾáhulə xa-mə́ndi d-garə́šlə xmàra.ˈ ʾu-ʾə́tlə bàlṭat kamíhə,ˈ ʾəd-xàšab,ˈ ʾu-k-ráxəš ʾu-k-sáḥəq ʾánə xə́ṭṭə ʾu-sʾárə ʾaw-ṭlòxə,ˈ k-saḥə̀qqə,ˈ hál də-k-awúṯṯə nàʿam.ˈ w-áḏa áhu šúl garə̀gra.ˈ ʾu-baʿdén ək-maṯéwalhə bə-xmára hāḏa əl-beṯa,ˈ ʾu-fàrÿdat,ˈ fàrÿdaˈ yáʿni ʾáhi iyáwa ʾə̀zla.ˈ ʾu-ʾə́ṯwa mšaġlánə Bi-Boqtàr,ˈ kə-mšaġlíwa b-áḏa šùla,ˈ k-oḏíwa fàrÿdat,ˈ kúlləhə k-xeṭíwalhə bə-ʾìḏa,ˈ k-xéṭi xyáṭa bə-ʾìḏa.ˈ ʾəb-Baġdèdə,ˈ qaméṯa zarə́xwa b-ʾòjar.ˈ ʾójar ʾáhulə xa-mə́ndi d-gárəšlə xmàra.ˈ k-záwalhən qadə́mta ṣabā̀ḥ,ˈ ʾu-g-raḏéwa b-gáwəḥ hál d-xə̀ška áwə dúnyə.ˈ liʾánna ḥélə šúla jəhwèwa,ˈ ʾu-ġḏá sìkka iyáwa.ˈ g-zárəxwa Baġdédə xə́ṭṭe-u sʿára-w ṭlòxə,ˈ ʾu-qə́ssa xortmáne-u baqə̀llə.ˈ háḏi k-amríla kràwaˈ baʿdén ʾitnàyaˈ yáʿni náqla xə́rta d-k-áṯe mqalwíla àra.ˈ baʿdén əg-zarə́ʾla, gə-bazə́qla bzàqaˈ b-idàṯa.ˈ ʾu-káṯe wáqtəd našólə kə-mnašlíwa b-idàṯa,ˈ m-màgla,ˈ k-amríla màgla.ˈ ʾu-k-aṯéwa ʾə̀nšə,ˈ k-oḏíwa kòḏə,ˈ ʾu-baʿdén k-maṯéwalhə l-ḥaḏ̣ìra,ˈ ʾu-k-oḏíwa garə̀gra,ˈ g-deqìwalhə,ˈ ʾánə xə́ṭṭə deqíwalhə ʾaw-ṭlóxə, ʾaw-sʾàrə.ˈ deqiwalhə̀,ˈ ʾu-kə-mdaréwalhə daróyə m-məlxáwəd xàšab,ˈ ʾu-ʾə́ṯwa ḥélə jamáʿə d-k-oḏíwa məlxàwə,ˈ Bí Nagàraˈ k-oḏíwa məlxáwə d-xàšabˈ ʾu-d-gəldà,ˈ ʾu-kəm-daréwa b-gàwəḥ.ˈ garə̀graˈ ʾáhulə xa-mə́ndi d-garə́šlə xmàra.ˈ ʾu-ʾə́tlə bàlṭat kamíhə,ˈ ʾəd-xàšab,ˈ ʾu-k-ráxəš ʾu-k-sáḥəq ʾánə xə́ṭṭə ʾu-sʾárə ʾaw-ṭlòxə,ˈ k-saḥə̀qqə,ˈ hál də-k-awúṯṯə nàʿam.ˈ w-áḏa áhu šúl garə̀gra.ˈ ʾu-baʿdén ək-maṯéwalhə bə-xmára hāḏa əl-beṯa,ˈ ʾu-fàrÿdat,ˈ fàrÿdaˈ yáʿni ʾáhi iyáwa ʾə̀zla.ˈ ʾu-ʾə́ṯwa mšaġlánə Bi-Boqtàr,ˈ kə-mšaġlíwa b-áḏa šùla,ˈ k-oḏíwa fàrÿdat,ˈ kúlləhə k-xeṭíwalhə bə-ʾìḏa,ˈ k-xéṭi xyáṭa bə-ʾìḏa.ˈ	In Baǧdedə in former times we used to cultivate with the plough. The plough was something that an ass pulled. They would go out early in the morning and plough with it until dusk. The work was very hard, for there was one only ploughshare. We used to cultivate in Baǧdedə wheat, barley and lentils, also some chickpeas and ful beans. We call it ‘first ploughing’ and then ‘second ploughing’, that is the second time they come to turn over the land. Then (the cultivator) sews if with seed, he spreads it by hand. They come at the time of reaping and reap by hand, with the sickle, they call it ‘the sickle’. People used to come and make piles. Then they took them to the threshing floor and operated the crushing machine and crushed them. They crushed the wheat, or the lentils, or the barley. They crushed them and winnowed them with a wooden winnowing fork. There were many people who made winnowing forks. The family of Nagara used to make winnowing forks of wood and leather, which they put on it. The crushing machine is something that is pulled by an ass. It has what are called ‘knives’ of wood. It moves and crushes the wheat, barley or lentils. It crushes them, until it makes them soft. This is the job of the crushing machine. Then they take them home by ass. And (there were) sacks. A sack, which was made of cloth. There were workers from the family of Boqtar, who worked in this profession and used to make sacks. They sewed them all by hand, they sewed them by hand.

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Transcription:

ʾəb-Baġdèdə,ˈ qaméṯa zarə́xwa b-ʾòjar.ˈ ʾójar ʾáhulə xa-mə́ndi d-gárəšlə xmàra.ˈ k-záwalhən qadə́mta ṣabā̀ḥ,ˈ ʾu-g-raḏéwa b-gáwəḥ hál d-xə̀ška áwə dúnyə.ˈ liʾánna ḥélə šúla jəhwèwa,ˈ ʾu-ġḏá sìkka iyáwa.ˈ g-zárəxwa Baġdédə xə́ṭṭe-u sʿára-w ṭlòxə,ˈ ʾu-qə́ssa xortmáne-u baqə̀llə.ˈ

háḏi k-amríla kràwaˈ baʿdén ʾitnàyaˈ yáʿni náqla xə́rta d-k-áṯe mqalwíla àra.ˈ baʿdén əg-zarə́ʾla, gə-bazə́qla bzàqaˈ b-idàṯa.ˈ ʾu-káṯe wáqtəd našólə kə-mnašlíwa b-idàṯa,ˈ m-màgla,ˈ k-amríla màgla.ˈ ʾu-k-aṯéwa ʾə̀nšə,ˈ k-oḏíwa kòḏə,ˈ ʾu-baʿdén k-maṯéwalhə l-ḥaḏ̣ìra,ˈ ʾu-k-oḏíwa garə̀gra,ˈ g-deqìwalhə,ˈ ʾánə xə́ṭṭə deqíwalhə ʾaw-ṭlóxə, ʾaw-sʾàrə.ˈ deqiwalhə̀,ˈ ʾu-kə-mdaréwalhə daróyə m-məlxáwəd xàšab,ˈ ʾu-ʾə́ṯwa ḥélə jamáʿə d-k-oḏíwa məlxàwə,ˈ Bí Nagàraˈ k-oḏíwa məlxáwə d-xàšabˈ ʾu-d-gəldà,ˈ ʾu-kəm-daréwa b-gàwəḥ.ˈ

garə̀graˈ ʾáhulə xa-mə́ndi d-garə́šlə xmàra.ˈ ʾu-ʾə́tlə bàlṭat kamíhə,ˈ ʾəd-xàšab,ˈ ʾu-k-ráxəš ʾu-k-sáḥəq ʾánə xə́ṭṭə ʾu-sʾárə ʾaw-ṭlòxə,ˈ k-saḥə̀qqə,ˈ hál də-k-awúṯṯə nàʿam.ˈ w-áḏa áhu šúl garə̀gra.ˈ ʾu-baʿdén ək-maṯéwalhə bə-xmára hāḏa əl-beṯa,ˈ ʾu-fàrÿdat,ˈ fàrÿdaˈ yáʿni ʾáhi iyáwa ʾə̀zla.ˈ ʾu-ʾə́ṯwa mšaġlánə Bi-Boqtàr,ˈ kə-mšaġlíwa b-áḏa šùla,ˈ k-oḏíwa fàrÿdat,ˈ kúlləhə k-xeṭíwalhə bə-ʾìḏa,ˈ k-xéṭi xyáṭa bə-ʾìḏa.ˈ

Translation:

In Baǧdedə in former times we used to cultivate with the plough. The plough was something that an ass pulled. They would go out early in the morning and plough with it until dusk. The work was very hard, for there was one only ploughshare. We used to cultivate in Baǧdedə wheat, barley and lentils, also some chickpeas and ful beans.

We call it ‘first ploughing’ and then ‘second ploughing’, that is the second time they come to turn over the land. Then (the cultivator) sews if with seed, he spreads it by hand. They come at the time of reaping and reap by hand, with the sickle, they call it ‘the sickle’. People used to come and make piles. Then they took them to the threshing floor and operated the crushing machine and crushed them. They crushed the wheat, or the lentils, or the barley. They crushed them and winnowed them with a wooden winnowing fork. There were many people who made winnowing forks. The family of Nagara used to make winnowing forks of wood and leather, which they put on it.

The crushing machine is something that is pulled by an ass. It has what are called ‘knives’ of wood. It moves and crushes the wheat, barley or lentils. It crushes them, until it makes them soft. This is the job of the crushing machine. Then they take them home by ass. And (there were) sacks. A sack, which was made of cloth. There were workers from the family of Boqtar, who worked in this profession and used to make sacks. They sewed them all by hand, they sewed them by hand.