Barwar: The Village of ʾƐn-Nune (1)

0:00

Transcribed by	Source	Speakers
Geoffrey Khan	Khan, Geoffrey. The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar. 3 vols. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2008, vol. 3	Gwərgəs Bakus

	Transcription	Translation
0:00	ʾƐ̄n-Nùneˈ kúlla npíltɛla gu-xa … ʾíṯ ṭuráne l-d-àw-gebaˈ l-d-àw-geba.ˈ ʾan-ṱ-íla ʾíḏa č̣àpleˈ ʾíla ba-ròža.ˈ ʾan-ṱ-íla ʾíḏa yámne ʾíla ṭalàna.ˈ ṭalána yáʿni ṭalàna,ˈ sab-šə́mša ʾɛ́-gət maxyàwaˈ ṭuráne ʾàtxɛna wíye.ˈ m-šə́mša ʾɛ́-gət màxyaˈ y-áwe ṭə̀llaˈ ba-ṭùra.ˈ yáʿni le-hoyáwa šə́mša ʾàyya,ˈ hál palgət-yòma,ˈ ʾɛ́-gət y-àṯya,ˈ màṭya šə́mša,ˈ ʾɛ́-gaya y-óya šə́mša l-ṭalàna.ˈ qedámta hál bar-kawùṯraˈ šə́mša y-óya bàṯər ṭúra,ˈ fa-ṭə̀lla háweˈ qam-ṭùra.ˈ lè-y-hawe šə́mša.ˈ y-amríwa ṭalàna.ˈ ʾo-xéna ʾíwa ba-ròža.ˈ ʾáwwa l-d-ɛ́-paṯa xèta,ˈ l-ʾíḏa l-č̣àple.ˈ qa-báṯrən ʾíṯən ʾan-ṭuránət ʾína … ṭuránə ṱ-ína bēl-ʾIrā́q ʾu-Tùrkiya.ˈ sab-bár ʾƐnə-Nùne,ˈ yáʿni gàrbiya,ˈ líṯ maṯwáṯa xène,ˈ ʾíṯən ʾan-ṭuráne ṱ-íla bēl-ʾIrā́q ʾu-Tùrkiya.ˈ m-hádəx ʾƐ̄n-Nùneˈ qúrbɛwa mən-ʾAšìṯa.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga təjarùṯaˈ … yáʿni mnáxət bábi haqèwaˈ qa-t-sáwi y-awúḏwa təjarùṯaˈ mən-ʾAšìṯa.ˈ ʾu-mə́n-ʾAšiṯa y-aṯíwa təjarúṯa y-oḏíwa mən-Bàrwər,ˈ ʾu-y-aṯìwa.ˈ fa-mnáxət sàwiˈ ʾáwən ʾíṯwale rába yaṭṭàne,ˈ yáʿni šaqlíwa y-awíwa təjarúṯa m-ġḏàḏe.ˈ ʾína npìltɛla,ˈ yáʿni Màye,ˈ máṯət Màye,ˈ xárṯa Dɛrə̀ške,ˈ xárṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nune,ˈ ʾu-Dùre,ˈ ʾu-ʾÌyyət,ˈ ʾu-Bəšmiyàyeˈ ʾu-hál ṱ-ázət máṭət hal-Zàwa.ˈ ʾu-Záwa y-azə̀xwa.ˈ ʾána b-txàrənˈ ʾasqə̀xwaˈ m-Báġdad táma l-máṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nùne,ˈ ʾasqə́xwa márzə Zàwa.ˈ šaqlə́xwa xa-ʾə̀rba mə́nnən,ˈ ʾu-ʾurxa-ʾùrxa,ˈ … ʾu-parmə́xwale har-táma l-márzə Zàwa.ˈ ʾu-y-oḏə́xwa nùra.ˈ mṭawə̀xwale táma.ˈ ʾu-nablə́xwa štɛ́ṯa mə̀nnən.ˈ mən-qedàmtaˈ ʾu-hál saʾat-šáwwa ʾaṣə̀rtaˈ yan-tmànyaˈ y-awə́xwa tíwe tàma,ˈ klíṯa b-qɛ̀ṭɛwa,ˈ šə́mša ganyàwa,ˈ xárṯa dɛṛə́xwa xá-ga xèta.ˈ yáʿni nablə́xwa mə́nnən duzùṯa štɛ̀ṯa-wˈ ʾu-mṭawɛ́ṯət bə̀sra.ˈ ʾə́rba har-mən-táma b-ʾùrxaˈ ʾi-šaqlə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-parmə́xwale tàmaˈ ʾu-y-attə̀xwaˈ xamlə̀xwaˈ msaxə̀xwaˈ ʾu-raqḏə̀xwa.ˈ yáʿni rába xayúṯa basìmtɛwa.ˈ mən-ʾɛ́kɛle ʾə́ṯya šə́mmət ʾƐ̄n-Nùne?ˈ duzúṯa ʾána xə̀zyɛnˈ ʾáxči ʾána təxrúnya dìyiˈ xə́zyɛn núne zòre.ˈ lán-xəzya núne gòṛe.ˈ bálki t-m-qam-mə̀nnənˈ sab-ʾɛ́-ga néra ràbɛwa.ˈ nèraˈ rába ràbɛwa.ˈ ʾánna šə́nne xaráye šúryela bṣára ʾə̀b-nera,ˈ míya bṣára gu-nèra.ˈ yáʿni maṭíwa xá-xa-gaya b-qɛ̀ṭaˈ náša jawújwa gawe-gawe-dìyeˈ palə́ṭwa m-d-ɛ́-paṯa xèta.ˈ ʾína qámṯa y-amrìwaˈ t-náše xáčča ʾáqley jrìṭṭɛlaˈ npílela-w néra nùbəlleyˈ ʾu-míṯela gu-nèra yáʿni,ˈ xnìqela,ˈ ma-ṱ-íwa míya ràba.ˈ yáʿni qámṯa bálki t-palṭíwa ʾarbà-metre,ˈ xamšà-metre palə́ṭwa,ˈ yáʿni b-sə̀twa.ˈ yáʿni néra hátxa míya ràbɛwa.ˈ fa-ʾáxnən m-zorúṯə dìyənˈ təxrúnyə dìyən,ˈ làx-xəzye núne góṛe.ˈ ʾáxči xə́zyɛwəx núne zòre.ˈ ʾu-qa-módi y-amríla ʾɛ́nət nùne?ˈ duzùṯa,ˈ láx-ḏaya qa-mòdi.ˈ bálki t-qámṯa ʾíṯwa núne gáwa díya gòṛe.ˈ ʾàxnənˈ m-ɛ̀kɛwəx ʾə́ṯye?ˈ ʾáxnən be-Hɛ̀do,ˈ ʾáxnən ʾíṯyewəx mən-Ṭyáre ḷɛ̀ṯa.ˈ ʾániwa šawwà xonăwáṯa.ˈ ʾáyya p-aqə̀nna ʾə́lluxˈ bálki t-lat-šə̀myəlla.ˈ šawwá xonăwàṯɛwa.ˈ ʾànnaˈ ʾíṯwalu qənyàne,ˈ ʾíṯwalun xa-xàṯa.ˈ ʾíṯwalun xa-xàṯa.ˈ ʾánna zílewa zràya,ˈ ṯéla qurḏàye,ˈ ʾɛ-máṯa ṱ-íwa də́pnə diyèy.ˈ mxéla l-bɛ́ṯə diyèyˈ ʾu-quždə́rra b-xaṯèy.ˈ ʾu-ʾáni lɛ̀wa táma.ˈ ʾɛ́-gə ṯèley,ˈ zílla l-d-ɛ́-maṯə qurḏàye.ˈ qənyánə díya qəm-šaqlìla,ˈ kúlla qənyánə dìya.ˈ ʾánna zílla l-d-ɛ́-maṯə qurḏàyeˈ ʾu-plíšla mənnèyˈ ʾu-qənyánə díya qəm-šaqlìla.ˈ ʾu-šqílla toléy xa-b-ʾə̀ṣra.ˈ ʾáxči mò mə́ra?ˈ mə́ra láš-maṣəx xắyəx làxxa,ˈ sab-qurḏáye kút-yom ṱ-áwa gu-réšən mxàyəllən.ˈ ʾu-kút-yom ṱ-áṯi masqəḏìlən.ˈ fa-qímla šqílla ganèy.ˈ dawɛ́rə diyèy,ˈ nálət ʾáqlə dawɛ̀raˈ prìzlɛle.ˈ qəm-mattíla bə-l-ʿằkəs.ˈ qəm-ʾasṛìla.ˈ ʾu-plíṭley mən-tàmaˈ qa-t-lè-y-yăḏi ʾan-qurḏáye l-ʾɛ̀kɛla zíle.ˈ ʾánna šáwwa xonăwàṯaˈ ʾə́ṯyela xá-d-anna tíwa gu-Bàrwər.ˈ xá-d-anna tíwɛle gu-ʾÀlquš.ˈ xá-d-anna tíwɛle gu-ʾAràdən.ˈ yáʿni burbə́zzelɛ kúlla dukàneˈ ʾánna šáwwa xonawàṯa.ˈ hàlbat,ˈ ʾáyya haqóyəx bálki t-xamš-əmmà-šənne m-qam-hadíya.ˈ bálki t-ʾarb-ə́mma xamš-əmmà-šənne.ˈ ʾup-gu-ʾArádən ʾítlən xònaˈ be-Hɛ̀do.ˈ ʾu-gu-ʾÀlquš ʾítlən xóna be-Hɛ̀do.ˈ ʾúmra ʾatíqa t-Màr-Sawa,ˈ ʾáwwa píšɛle bə́nya qúrbə qam-šaww-ə́mma xámši tmany-əmmà-šənne.ˈ ʾu-báṯrə ʾùmraˈ ʾíṯwa dúkṯət xamɛ́ṯət ʾanìḏe.ˈ ʾu-hadíya zilwàliˈ xzéwali qá-t ʾo-ʾúmra tlìxɛle kúlla.ˈ ʾɛ-dúkṯət măməḏìwalən,ˈ ʾax-xa-bányo zòra,ˈ ʾátxa gu-ʾúpra nqìra,ˈ kúllən tàmɛwəx mŭmə́ḏe ṱ-íwəx bə́rye,ˈ ʾáwən pìšɛwa.ˈ fa-šqílli šə́kla dìya,ˈ ʾɛ-dúkṯə ṱ-íxwa mŭmə̀ḏe,ˈ hálbat sawăwáṯən t-qámṯa kúlla tàmɛwa mŭmə́ḏe.ˈ ʾáy lɛ̀wa pqíṯa.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga ṱ-íwa mpŭ́qəlle ʾùmra,ˈ ʾay-píštɛwa tàma.ˈ hadíya ʾɛ-dùkṯaˈ wéla wíḏəlla xa-šùra,ˈ ʾáxči bắyi ʾoḏìlaˈ xa-šúra bìš-goṛaˈ qa-t-ʾɛ́-dukṯə ṱ-íla pyàšaˈ m-ʾùmraˈ ʾu-ʾɛ́-dukṯət bɛṯ-qorayàṯaˈ ʾáni kúlla bṱ-oḏíla xa-šúra góṛa qá-t …ˈ ʾáxči b-šoqíla tàmaˈ qa-nášət ʾáṯi qa-t-zəyára ʾoḏilèy.ˈ ʾína ʾúmra xáṯət Mar-Sàwaˈ bə́nyɛle là b-dúkṯə díya hadíya.ˈ ʾùḷḷul mə́nne díyeˈ píšɛle bə́nya xa-ʾúmra xàṯa.ˈ ʾƐ̄n-Nùneˈ kúlla npíltɛla gu-xa … ʾíṯ ṭuráne l-d-àw-gebaˈ l-d-àw-geba.ˈ ʾan-ṱ-íla ʾíḏa č̣àpleˈ ʾíla ba-ròža.ˈ ʾan-ṱ-íla ʾíḏa yámne ʾíla ṭalàna.ˈ ṭalána yáʿni ṭalàna,ˈ sab-šə́mša ʾɛ́-gət maxyàwaˈ ṭuráne ʾàtxɛna wíye.ˈ m-šə́mša ʾɛ́-gət màxyaˈ y-áwe ṭə̀llaˈ ba-ṭùra.ˈ yáʿni le-hoyáwa šə́mša ʾàyya,ˈ hál palgət-yòma,ˈ ʾɛ́-gət y-àṯya,ˈ màṭya šə́mša,ˈ ʾɛ́-gaya y-óya šə́mša l-ṭalàna.ˈ qedámta hál bar-kawùṯraˈ šə́mša y-óya bàṯər ṭúra,ˈ fa-ṭə̀lla háweˈ qam-ṭùra.ˈ lè-y-hawe šə́mša.ˈ y-amríwa ṭalàna.ˈ ʾo-xéna ʾíwa ba-ròža.ˈ ʾáwwa l-d-ɛ́-paṯa xèta,ˈ l-ʾíḏa l-č̣àple.ˈ qa-báṯrən ʾíṯən ʾan-ṭuránət ʾína … ṭuránə ṱ-ína bēl-ʾIrā́q ʾu-Tùrkiya.ˈ sab-bár ʾƐnə-Nùne,ˈ yáʿni gàrbiya,ˈ líṯ maṯwáṯa xène,ˈ ʾíṯən ʾan-ṭuráne ṱ-íla bēl-ʾIrā́q ʾu-Tùrkiya.ˈ m-hádəx ʾƐ̄n-Nùneˈ qúrbɛwa mən-ʾAšìṯa.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga təjarùṯaˈ … yáʿni mnáxət bábi haqèwaˈ qa-t-sáwi y-awúḏwa təjarùṯaˈ mən-ʾAšìṯa.ˈ ʾu-mə́n-ʾAšiṯa y-aṯíwa təjarúṯa y-oḏíwa mən-Bàrwər,ˈ ʾu-y-aṯìwa.ˈ fa-mnáxət sàwiˈ ʾáwən ʾíṯwale rába yaṭṭàne,ˈ yáʿni šaqlíwa y-awíwa təjarúṯa m-ġḏàḏe.ˈ ʾína npìltɛla,ˈ yáʿni Màye,ˈ máṯət Màye,ˈ xárṯa Dɛrə̀ške,ˈ xárṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nune,ˈ ʾu-Dùre,ˈ ʾu-ʾÌyyət,ˈ ʾu-Bəšmiyàyeˈ ʾu-hál ṱ-ázət máṭət hal-Zàwa.ˈ ʾu-Záwa y-azə̀xwa.ˈ ʾána b-txàrənˈ ʾasqə̀xwaˈ m-Báġdad táma l-máṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nùne,ˈ ʾasqə́xwa márzə Zàwa.ˈ šaqlə́xwa xa-ʾə̀rba mə́nnən,ˈ ʾu-ʾurxa-ʾùrxa,ˈ … ʾu-parmə́xwale har-táma l-márzə Zàwa.ˈ ʾu-y-oḏə́xwa nùra.ˈ mṭawə̀xwale táma.ˈ ʾu-nablə́xwa štɛ́ṯa mə̀nnən.ˈ mən-qedàmtaˈ ʾu-hál saʾat-šáwwa ʾaṣə̀rtaˈ yan-tmànyaˈ y-awə́xwa tíwe tàma,ˈ klíṯa b-qɛ̀ṭɛwa,ˈ šə́mša ganyàwa,ˈ xárṯa dɛṛə́xwa xá-ga xèta.ˈ yáʿni nablə́xwa mə́nnən duzùṯa štɛ̀ṯa-wˈ ʾu-mṭawɛ́ṯət bə̀sra.ˈ ʾə́rba har-mən-táma b-ʾùrxaˈ ʾi-šaqlə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-parmə́xwale tàmaˈ ʾu-y-attə̀xwaˈ xamlə̀xwaˈ msaxə̀xwaˈ ʾu-raqḏə̀xwa.ˈ yáʿni rába xayúṯa basìmtɛwa.ˈ mən-ʾɛ́kɛle ʾə́ṯya šə́mmət ʾƐ̄n-Nùne?ˈ duzúṯa ʾána xə̀zyɛnˈ ʾáxči ʾána təxrúnya dìyiˈ xə́zyɛn núne zòre.ˈ lán-xəzya núne gòṛe.ˈ bálki t-m-qam-mə̀nnənˈ sab-ʾɛ́-ga néra ràbɛwa.ˈ nèraˈ rába ràbɛwa.ˈ ʾánna šə́nne xaráye šúryela bṣára ʾə̀b-nera,ˈ míya bṣára gu-nèra.ˈ yáʿni maṭíwa xá-xa-gaya b-qɛ̀ṭaˈ náša jawújwa gawe-gawe-dìyeˈ palə́ṭwa m-d-ɛ́-paṯa xèta.ˈ ʾína qámṯa y-amrìwaˈ t-náše xáčča ʾáqley jrìṭṭɛlaˈ npílela-w néra nùbəlleyˈ ʾu-míṯela gu-nèra yáʿni,ˈ xnìqela,ˈ ma-ṱ-íwa míya ràba.ˈ yáʿni qámṯa bálki t-palṭíwa ʾarbà-metre,ˈ xamšà-metre palə́ṭwa,ˈ yáʿni b-sə̀twa.ˈ yáʿni néra hátxa míya ràbɛwa.ˈ fa-ʾáxnən m-zorúṯə dìyənˈ təxrúnyə dìyən,ˈ làx-xəzye núne góṛe.ˈ ʾáxči xə́zyɛwəx núne zòre.ˈ ʾu-qa-módi y-amríla ʾɛ́nət nùne?ˈ duzùṯa,ˈ láx-ḏaya qa-mòdi.ˈ bálki t-qámṯa ʾíṯwa núne gáwa díya gòṛe.ˈ ʾàxnənˈ m-ɛ̀kɛwəx ʾə́ṯye?ˈ ʾáxnən be-Hɛ̀do,ˈ ʾáxnən ʾíṯyewəx mən-Ṭyáre ḷɛ̀ṯa.ˈ ʾániwa šawwà xonăwáṯa.ˈ ʾáyya p-aqə̀nna ʾə́lluxˈ bálki t-lat-šə̀myəlla.ˈ šawwá xonăwàṯɛwa.ˈ ʾànnaˈ ʾíṯwalu qənyàne,ˈ ʾíṯwalun xa-xàṯa.ˈ ʾíṯwalun xa-xàṯa.ˈ ʾánna zílewa zràya,ˈ ṯéla qurḏàye,ˈ ʾɛ-máṯa ṱ-íwa də́pnə diyèy.ˈ mxéla l-bɛ́ṯə diyèyˈ ʾu-quždə́rra b-xaṯèy.ˈ ʾu-ʾáni lɛ̀wa táma.ˈ ʾɛ́-gə ṯèley,ˈ zílla l-d-ɛ́-maṯə qurḏàye.ˈ qənyánə díya qəm-šaqlìla,ˈ kúlla qənyánə dìya.ˈ ʾánna zílla l-d-ɛ́-maṯə qurḏàyeˈ ʾu-plíšla mənnèyˈ ʾu-qənyánə díya qəm-šaqlìla.ˈ ʾu-šqílla toléy xa-b-ʾə̀ṣra.ˈ ʾáxči mò mə́ra?ˈ mə́ra láš-maṣəx xắyəx làxxa,ˈ sab-qurḏáye kút-yom ṱ-áwa gu-réšən mxàyəllən.ˈ ʾu-kút-yom ṱ-áṯi masqəḏìlən.ˈ fa-qímla šqílla ganèy.ˈ dawɛ́rə diyèy,ˈ nálət ʾáqlə dawɛ̀raˈ prìzlɛle.ˈ qəm-mattíla bə-l-ʿằkəs.ˈ qəm-ʾasṛìla.ˈ ʾu-plíṭley mən-tàmaˈ qa-t-lè-y-yăḏi ʾan-qurḏáye l-ʾɛ̀kɛla zíle.ˈ ʾánna šáwwa xonăwàṯaˈ ʾə́ṯyela xá-d-anna tíwa gu-Bàrwər.ˈ xá-d-anna tíwɛle gu-ʾÀlquš.ˈ xá-d-anna tíwɛle gu-ʾAràdən.ˈ yáʿni burbə́zzelɛ kúlla dukàneˈ ʾánna šáwwa xonawàṯa.ˈ hàlbat,ˈ ʾáyya haqóyəx bálki t-xamš-əmmà-šənne m-qam-hadíya.ˈ bálki t-ʾarb-ə́mma xamš-əmmà-šənne.ˈ ʾup-gu-ʾArádən ʾítlən xònaˈ be-Hɛ̀do.ˈ ʾu-gu-ʾÀlquš ʾítlən xóna be-Hɛ̀do.ˈ ʾúmra ʾatíqa t-Màr-Sawa,ˈ ʾáwwa píšɛle bə́nya qúrbə qam-šaww-ə́mma xámši tmany-əmmà-šənne.ˈ ʾu-báṯrə ʾùmraˈ ʾíṯwa dúkṯət xamɛ́ṯət ʾanìḏe.ˈ ʾu-hadíya zilwàliˈ xzéwali qá-t ʾo-ʾúmra tlìxɛle kúlla.ˈ ʾɛ-dúkṯət măməḏìwalən,ˈ ʾax-xa-bányo zòra,ˈ ʾátxa gu-ʾúpra nqìra,ˈ kúllən tàmɛwəx mŭmə́ḏe ṱ-íwəx bə́rye,ˈ ʾáwən pìšɛwa.ˈ fa-šqílli šə́kla dìya,ˈ ʾɛ-dúkṯə ṱ-íxwa mŭmə̀ḏe,ˈ hálbat sawăwáṯən t-qámṯa kúlla tàmɛwa mŭmə́ḏe.ˈ ʾáy lɛ̀wa pqíṯa.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga ṱ-íwa mpŭ́qəlle ʾùmra,ˈ ʾay-píštɛwa tàma.ˈ hadíya ʾɛ-dùkṯaˈ wéla wíḏəlla xa-šùra,ˈ ʾáxči bắyi ʾoḏìlaˈ xa-šúra bìš-goṛaˈ qa-t-ʾɛ́-dukṯə ṱ-íla pyàšaˈ m-ʾùmraˈ ʾu-ʾɛ́-dukṯət bɛṯ-qorayàṯaˈ ʾáni kúlla bṱ-oḏíla xa-šúra góṛa qá-t …ˈ ʾáxči b-šoqíla tàmaˈ qa-nášət ʾáṯi qa-t-zəyára ʾoḏilèy.ˈ ʾína ʾúmra xáṯət Mar-Sàwaˈ bə́nyɛle là b-dúkṯə díya hadíya.ˈ ʾùḷḷul mə́nne díyeˈ píšɛle bə́nya xa-ʾúmra xàṯa.ˈ	ʾƐn-Nune is situated in—there are mountains on one side and on the other. The ones on the left are (known as) _ba-roža_ (‘in the sun’). The ones on the right are (known as) _ṭalana_. (The word) _ṭalana_ means ‘shady’, since when the sun rose, the mountains became like that. When the sun shone, there was shade on the mountains. That is, there was no sun, until midday, when the sun would reach (it). Then there was sun on the _ṭalana_ (mountain). In the morning, until after lunch, the sun was behind the mountain and there was shade at the front of the mountain. There was no sun. So they called it _ṭalana_ (‘shady’). The other was _ba-roža_ (‘in the sun’). That was on the other side, on the lefthand side. Behind us there are the mountains that are between Iraq and Turkiye. This is because behind ʾƐn-Nune, that is to the North, there are not any other villages, but there are the mountains that are between Iraq and Turkiye. So ʾƐn-Nune was close to Ashitha. (There was) trade … my father, may he rest in peace, used to tell how my grandfather would conduct trade with Ashitha. From Ashitha people came and conducted trade with Barwar, then returned. My late grandfather had many customers, that is they plied a trade together. It is situated—that is Maye, the village of Maye, then Dɛrəške, then ʾƐn-Nune, then Dure, then Iyyət and Bəšmiyaye until you reach the Zab. We used to go to the Zab. I remember when we went up from Baghdad to the village of ʾƐn-Nune, we would go up to the banks of the Zab. We would take a sheep with us and slaughter it there, on the trip, on the banks of the Zab. We would make a fire and roast it there. We would take drink with us. From morning until seven or eight in the evening we sat there—it depended on the summer—the sun would set and then we would return again (to ʾƐn-Nune). We indeed took drink with us and roasted meat. We took the sheep from (somewhere) there on the way. We would slaughter it there. We would sit, make merry, swim and dance. Life was very enjoyable. Where does the name ʾƐn-Nune come from? In truth I have seen, as far as I remember, only small fish. I have not seen large fish. Perhaps before our time, since once the river was large. The river was large. In recent years the water has begun to diminish in the river. Sometimes in summer a person could walk in it and come out the other side. But formerly they used to say that if the foot of people slipped a little, they would fall and the river would carry them away and they would die in the river, drown, so abundant was the water. Formerly perhaps it was four metres, or five metres (deep), in winter. That is the river was as large as that. But we, when we were young, as far as I remember, we did not see large fish. We only saw small fish. Why do they call it ‘Spring of fishes’ (ʾƐn-Nune). In truth, I do not know why. Perhaps formerly there were large fish in it. Where did we come from? We, the family of Hɛdo, came from Upper Ṭiyare. They were seven brothers. I shall tell you this (story), perhaps you have not heard it. They were seven brothers. They had domestic animals. They had a sister. They had a sister. When they went to cultivate (in the fields), Kurds came, from the village that was adjacent to them. They attacked their house and seized their sister while they were not there. When they came back, they went to that village of the Kurds. They took their animals, all of their animals. They went to that village of the Kurds, fought with them and took their animals. They took their revenge ten times over. But what did they say? They said ‘We cannot live here any more, since the Kurds will be upon us every day, attacking us and they will come every day to harry us’. So, they took themselves off. Their mules—the shoe of their mules’ feet was made of iron. They put it on backwards. They tied them (the shoes) on and set off from there, so that the Kurds would not know where they had gone. The seven brothers, one of them came and settled in Barwar. One of them settled in Alqosh. One of them settled in Aradən. That is these seven brothers were dispersed to all places. Of course we are talking about something (that happened) perhaps five hundred years ago. Perhaps four hundred, five hundred years ago. We also have a brother in Aradən, from the family of Hɛdo, and in Alqosh we have a brother from the family of Hɛdo. The old church of Saint Sawa was built about seven hundred and fifty or eight hundred years ago. Behind the church there was a place for burying the deceased. Recently I went and saw that the church was completely destroyed. The place in which they used to baptize us, like a small bath, dug into the earth, where all of us who were born were baptized—that has survived. I took a photograph of it. That place where we were baptized, of course all our ancestors were baptized there. That was not blown up. When they blew up the church, that remained. Now as for that place, they made a fence for it, but they want to make a bigger fence for it, for that place that remains from the church, and that cemetery. They will make a large fence for all of these, but they will leave them there so that people can make a pilgrimage to them. But the new church of Saint Sawa has not been built now in its (original) place. A new church has been built above it.

show raw texts

Transcription:

ʾƐ̄n-Nùneˈ kúlla npíltɛla gu-xa … ʾíṯ ṭuráne l-d-àw-gebaˈ l-d-àw-geba.ˈ ʾan-ṱ-íla ʾíḏa č̣àpleˈ ʾíla ba-ròža.ˈ ʾan-ṱ-íla ʾíḏa yámne ʾíla ṭalàna.ˈ ṭalána yáʿni ṭalàna,ˈ sab-šə́mša ʾɛ́-gət maxyàwaˈ ṭuráne ʾàtxɛna wíye.ˈ m-šə́mša ʾɛ́-gət màxyaˈ y-áwe ṭə̀llaˈ ba-ṭùra.ˈ yáʿni le-hoyáwa šə́mša ʾàyya,ˈ hál palgət-yòma,ˈ ʾɛ́-gət y-àṯya,ˈ màṭya šə́mša,ˈ ʾɛ́-gaya y-óya šə́mša l-ṭalàna.ˈ qedámta hál bar-kawùṯraˈ šə́mša y-óya bàṯər ṭúra,ˈ fa-ṭə̀lla háweˈ qam-ṭùra.ˈ lè-y-hawe šə́mša.ˈ y-amríwa ṭalàna.ˈ ʾo-xéna ʾíwa ba-ròža.ˈ ʾáwwa l-d-ɛ́-paṯa xèta,ˈ l-ʾíḏa l-č̣àple.ˈ qa-báṯrən ʾíṯən ʾan-ṭuránət ʾína … ṭuránə ṱ-ína bēl-ʾIrā́q ʾu-Tùrkiya.ˈ sab-bár ʾƐnə-Nùne,ˈ yáʿni gàrbiya,ˈ líṯ maṯwáṯa xène,ˈ ʾíṯən ʾan-ṭuráne ṱ-íla bēl-ʾIrā́q ʾu-Tùrkiya.ˈ m-hádəx ʾƐ̄n-Nùneˈ qúrbɛwa mən-ʾAšìṯa.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga təjarùṯaˈ … yáʿni mnáxət bábi haqèwaˈ qa-t-sáwi y-awúḏwa təjarùṯaˈ mən-ʾAšìṯa.ˈ ʾu-mə́n-ʾAšiṯa y-aṯíwa təjarúṯa y-oḏíwa mən-Bàrwər,ˈ ʾu-y-aṯìwa.ˈ fa-mnáxət sàwiˈ ʾáwən ʾíṯwale rába yaṭṭàne,ˈ yáʿni šaqlíwa y-awíwa təjarúṯa m-ġḏàḏe.ˈ ʾína npìltɛla,ˈ yáʿni Màye,ˈ máṯət Màye,ˈ xárṯa Dɛrə̀ške,ˈ xárṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nune,ˈ ʾu-Dùre,ˈ ʾu-ʾÌyyət,ˈ ʾu-Bəšmiyàyeˈ ʾu-hál ṱ-ázət máṭət hal-Zàwa.ˈ ʾu-Záwa y-azə̀xwa.ˈ ʾána b-txàrənˈ ʾasqə̀xwaˈ m-Báġdad táma l-máṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nùne,ˈ ʾasqə́xwa márzə Zàwa.ˈ šaqlə́xwa xa-ʾə̀rba mə́nnən,ˈ ʾu-ʾurxa-ʾùrxa,ˈ … ʾu-parmə́xwale har-táma l-márzə Zàwa.ˈ ʾu-y-oḏə́xwa nùra.ˈ mṭawə̀xwale táma.ˈ ʾu-nablə́xwa štɛ́ṯa mə̀nnən.ˈ mən-qedàmtaˈ ʾu-hál saʾat-šáwwa ʾaṣə̀rtaˈ yan-tmànyaˈ y-awə́xwa tíwe tàma,ˈ klíṯa b-qɛ̀ṭɛwa,ˈ šə́mša ganyàwa,ˈ xárṯa dɛṛə́xwa xá-ga xèta.ˈ yáʿni nablə́xwa mə́nnən duzùṯa štɛ̀ṯa-wˈ ʾu-mṭawɛ́ṯət bə̀sra.ˈ ʾə́rba har-mən-táma b-ʾùrxaˈ ʾi-šaqlə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-parmə́xwale tàmaˈ ʾu-y-attə̀xwaˈ xamlə̀xwaˈ msaxə̀xwaˈ ʾu-raqḏə̀xwa.ˈ yáʿni rába xayúṯa basìmtɛwa.ˈ

mən-ʾɛ́kɛle ʾə́ṯya šə́mmət ʾƐ̄n-Nùne?ˈ duzúṯa ʾána xə̀zyɛnˈ ʾáxči ʾána təxrúnya dìyiˈ xə́zyɛn núne zòre.ˈ lán-xəzya núne gòṛe.ˈ bálki t-m-qam-mə̀nnənˈ sab-ʾɛ́-ga néra ràbɛwa.ˈ nèraˈ rába ràbɛwa.ˈ ʾánna šə́nne xaráye šúryela bṣára ʾə̀b-nera,ˈ míya bṣára gu-nèra.ˈ yáʿni maṭíwa xá-xa-gaya b-qɛ̀ṭaˈ náša jawújwa gawe-gawe-dìyeˈ palə́ṭwa m-d-ɛ́-paṯa xèta.ˈ ʾína qámṯa y-amrìwaˈ t-náše xáčča ʾáqley jrìṭṭɛlaˈ npílela-w néra nùbəlleyˈ ʾu-míṯela gu-nèra yáʿni,ˈ xnìqela,ˈ ma-ṱ-íwa míya ràba.ˈ yáʿni qámṯa bálki t-palṭíwa ʾarbà-metre,ˈ xamšà-metre palə́ṭwa,ˈ yáʿni b-sə̀twa.ˈ yáʿni néra hátxa míya ràbɛwa.ˈ fa-ʾáxnən m-zorúṯə dìyənˈ təxrúnyə dìyən,ˈ làx-xəzye núne góṛe.ˈ ʾáxči xə́zyɛwəx núne zòre.ˈ ʾu-qa-módi y-amríla ʾɛ́nət nùne?ˈ duzùṯa,ˈ láx-ḏaya qa-mòdi.ˈ bálki t-qámṯa ʾíṯwa núne gáwa díya gòṛe.ˈ

ʾàxnənˈ m-ɛ̀kɛwəx ʾə́ṯye?ˈ ʾáxnən be-Hɛ̀do,ˈ ʾáxnən ʾíṯyewəx mən-Ṭyáre ḷɛ̀ṯa.ˈ ʾániwa šawwà xonăwáṯa.ˈ ʾáyya p-aqə̀nna ʾə́lluxˈ bálki t-lat-šə̀myəlla.ˈ šawwá xonăwàṯɛwa.ˈ ʾànnaˈ ʾíṯwalu qənyàne,ˈ ʾíṯwalun xa-xàṯa.ˈ ʾíṯwalun xa-xàṯa.ˈ ʾánna zílewa zràya,ˈ ṯéla qurḏàye,ˈ ʾɛ-máṯa ṱ-íwa də́pnə diyèy.ˈ mxéla l-bɛ́ṯə diyèyˈ ʾu-quždə́rra b-xaṯèy.ˈ ʾu-ʾáni lɛ̀wa táma.ˈ ʾɛ́-gə ṯèley,ˈ zílla l-d-ɛ́-maṯə qurḏàye.ˈ qənyánə díya qəm-šaqlìla,ˈ kúlla qənyánə dìya.ˈ ʾánna zílla l-d-ɛ́-maṯə qurḏàyeˈ ʾu-plíšla mənnèyˈ ʾu-qənyánə díya qəm-šaqlìla.ˈ ʾu-šqílla toléy xa-b-ʾə̀ṣra.ˈ ʾáxči mò mə́ra?ˈ mə́ra láš-maṣəx xắyəx làxxa,ˈ sab-qurḏáye kút-yom ṱ-áwa gu-réšən mxàyəllən.ˈ ʾu-kút-yom ṱ-áṯi masqəḏìlən.ˈ fa-qímla šqílla ganèy.ˈ dawɛ́rə diyèy,ˈ nálət ʾáqlə dawɛ̀raˈ prìzlɛle.ˈ qəm-mattíla bə-l-ʿằkəs.ˈ qəm-ʾasṛìla.ˈ ʾu-plíṭley mən-tàmaˈ qa-t-lè-y-yăḏi ʾan-qurḏáye l-ʾɛ̀kɛla zíle.ˈ ʾánna šáwwa xonăwàṯaˈ ʾə́ṯyela xá-d-anna tíwa gu-Bàrwər.ˈ xá-d-anna tíwɛle gu-ʾÀlquš.ˈ xá-d-anna tíwɛle gu-ʾAràdən.ˈ yáʿni burbə́zzelɛ kúlla dukàneˈ ʾánna šáwwa xonawàṯa.ˈ hàlbat,ˈ ʾáyya haqóyəx bálki t-xamš-əmmà-šənne m-qam-hadíya.ˈ bálki t-ʾarb-ə́mma xamš-əmmà-šənne.ˈ ʾup-gu-ʾArádən ʾítlən xònaˈ be-Hɛ̀do.ˈ ʾu-gu-ʾÀlquš ʾítlən xóna be-Hɛ̀do.ˈ

ʾúmra ʾatíqa t-Màr-Sawa,ˈ ʾáwwa píšɛle bə́nya qúrbə qam-šaww-ə́mma xámši tmany-əmmà-šənne.ˈ ʾu-báṯrə ʾùmraˈ ʾíṯwa dúkṯət xamɛ́ṯət ʾanìḏe.ˈ ʾu-hadíya zilwàliˈ xzéwali qá-t ʾo-ʾúmra tlìxɛle kúlla.ˈ ʾɛ-dúkṯət măməḏìwalən,ˈ ʾax-xa-bányo zòra,ˈ ʾátxa gu-ʾúpra nqìra,ˈ kúllən tàmɛwəx mŭmə́ḏe ṱ-íwəx bə́rye,ˈ ʾáwən pìšɛwa.ˈ fa-šqílli šə́kla dìya,ˈ ʾɛ-dúkṯə ṱ-íxwa mŭmə̀ḏe,ˈ hálbat sawăwáṯən t-qámṯa kúlla tàmɛwa mŭmə́ḏe.ˈ ʾáy lɛ̀wa pqíṯa.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga ṱ-íwa mpŭ́qəlle ʾùmra,ˈ ʾay-píštɛwa tàma.ˈ hadíya ʾɛ-dùkṯaˈ wéla wíḏəlla xa-šùra,ˈ ʾáxči bắyi ʾoḏìlaˈ xa-šúra bìš-goṛaˈ qa-t-ʾɛ́-dukṯə ṱ-íla pyàšaˈ m-ʾùmraˈ ʾu-ʾɛ́-dukṯət bɛṯ-qorayàṯaˈ ʾáni kúlla bṱ-oḏíla xa-šúra góṛa qá-t …ˈ ʾáxči b-šoqíla tàmaˈ qa-nášət ʾáṯi qa-t-zəyára ʾoḏilèy.ˈ ʾína ʾúmra xáṯət Mar-Sàwaˈ bə́nyɛle là b-dúkṯə díya hadíya.ˈ ʾùḷḷul mə́nne díyeˈ píšɛle bə́nya xa-ʾúmra xàṯa.ˈ

Translation:

ʾƐn-Nune is situated in—there are mountains on one side and on the other. The ones on the left are (known as) _ba-roža_ (‘in the sun’). The ones on the right are (known as) _ṭalana_. (The word) _ṭalana_ means ‘shady’, since when the sun rose, the mountains became like that. When the sun shone, there was shade on the mountains. That is, there was no sun, until midday, when the sun would reach (it). Then there was sun on the _ṭalana_ (mountain). In the morning, until after lunch, the sun was behind the mountain and there was shade at the front of the mountain. There was no sun. So they called it _ṭalana_ (‘shady’). The other was _ba-roža_ (‘in the sun’). That was on the other side, on the lefthand side. Behind us there are the mountains that are between Iraq and Turkiye. This is because behind ʾƐn-Nune, that is to the North, there are not any other villages, but there are the mountains that are between Iraq and Turkiye. So ʾƐn-Nune was close to Ashitha. (There was) trade … my father, may he rest in peace, used to tell how my grandfather would conduct trade with Ashitha. From Ashitha people came and conducted trade with Barwar, then returned. My late grandfather had many customers, that is they plied a trade together. It is situated—that is Maye, the village of Maye, then Dɛrəške, then ʾƐn-Nune, then Dure, then Iyyət and Bəšmiyaye until you reach the Zab. We used to go to the Zab. I remember when we went up from Baghdad to the village of ʾƐn-Nune, we would go up to the banks of the Zab. We would take a sheep with us and slaughter it there, on the trip, on the banks of the Zab. We would make a fire and roast it there. We would take drink with us. From morning until seven or eight in the evening we sat there—it depended on the summer—the sun would set and then we would return again (to ʾƐn-Nune). We indeed took drink with us and roasted meat. We took the sheep from (somewhere) there on the way. We would slaughter it there. We would sit, make merry, swim and dance. Life was very enjoyable.

Where does the name ʾƐn-Nune come from? In truth I have seen, as far as I remember, only small fish. I have not seen large fish. Perhaps before our time, since once the river was large. The river was large. In recent years the water has begun to diminish in the river. Sometimes in summer a person could walk in it and come out the other side. But formerly they used to say that if the foot of people slipped a little, they would fall and the river would carry them away and they would die in the river, drown, so abundant was the water. Formerly perhaps it was four metres, or five metres (deep), in winter. That is the river was as large as that. But we, when we were young, as far as I remember, we did not see large fish. We only saw small fish. Why do they call it ‘Spring of fishes’ (ʾƐn-Nune). In truth, I do not know why. Perhaps formerly there were large fish in it.

Where did we come from? We, the family of Hɛdo, came from Upper Ṭiyare. They were seven brothers. I shall tell you this (story), perhaps you have not heard it. They were seven brothers. They had domestic animals. They had a sister. They had a sister. When they went to cultivate (in the fields), Kurds came, from the village that was adjacent to them. They attacked their house and seized their sister while they were not there. When they came back, they went to that village of the Kurds. They took their animals, all of their animals. They went to that village of the Kurds, fought with them and took their animals. They took their revenge ten times over. But what did they say? They said ‘We cannot live here any more, since the Kurds will be upon us every day, attacking us and they will come every day to harry us’. So, they took themselves off. Their mules—the shoe of their mules’ feet was made of iron. They put it on backwards. They tied them (the shoes) on and set off from there, so that the Kurds would not know where they had gone. The seven brothers, one of them came and settled in Barwar. One of them settled in Alqosh. One of them settled in Aradən. That is these seven brothers were dispersed to all places. Of course we are talking about something (that happened) perhaps five hundred years ago. Perhaps four hundred, five hundred years ago. We also have a brother in Aradən, from the family of Hɛdo, and in Alqosh we have a brother from the family of Hɛdo.

The old church of Saint Sawa was built about seven hundred and fifty or eight hundred years ago. Behind the church there was a place for burying the deceased. Recently I went and saw that the church was completely destroyed. The place in which they used to baptize us, like a small bath, dug into the earth, where all of us who were born were baptized—that has survived. I took a photograph of it. That place where we were baptized, of course all our ancestors were baptized there. That was not blown up. When they blew up the church, that remained. Now as for that place, they made a fence for it, but they want to make a bigger fence for it, for that place that remains from the church, and that cemetery. They will make a large fence for all of these, but they will leave them there so that people can make a pilgrimage to them. But the new church of Saint Sawa has not been built now in its (original) place. A new church has been built above it.