Barwar: Life in ʾƐn-Nune (4)

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Transcribed by	Source	Speakers
Geoffrey Khan	Khan, Geoffrey. The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar. 3 vols. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2008, vol. 3	Naze ʾIsrayel

	Transcription	Translation
0:00	ʾelíṯa ṯéla mən-ʾə̀rba.ˈ ʾə́rba parmə̀xwale,ˈ t-xwàre,ˈ ʾə́rbə t-xwàre,ˈ parmə̀xwale,ˈ xéna ʾelíṯa qalə̀xwaˈ dɛrə́xwa gu-kúlla mə̀ndi,ˈ gu-dòlma,ˈ gu-bə̀sra.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa qawùrma,ˈ ʾaw-qawúrwa dɛrə́xwa rə́zza ʾə̀lle.ˈ bə́sra rába donàna.ˈ ʾelíṯa-w rə̀zzaˈ bašlə̀xwale,ˈ ʾó y-amrìwaleˈ qawùrma.ˈ ṯáni yómət ʾéḏa y-oḏə́xwa duxràna.ˈ kúd-xa maṣléwa xà-lagăna,ˈ gə̀rḏo,ˈ ʾaw ʾó-t băyéwa kṯayàṯaˈ rəš-rə̀zza-wˈ ʾó-t băyèwaˈ qawùrma.ˈ yōm-gayàsa,ˈ bàṯər qyámta.ˈ xaḏríwa náše ʾeḏăwàṯaˈ w-y-azíwa mšamšíwa bɛṯ-qòra,ˈ rə́ḥqa mən-an-dukàne.ˈ kúlla mšamšìwa.ˈ qàše,ˈ šamáše y-azíwa qorăwàṯa.ˈ láwa ʾax-dìya.ˈ gu-màṯa wɛ́wa ʾɛ́-ga.ˈ yáʿni kúlla maṯwàṯaˈ báṯər ʾèta-wewaˈ báṯər ʾùmra.ˈ ʾánna y-azíwa mamšíwa qàše,ˈ bar-pálgət yóma y-aṯìwa,ˈ y-axlíwa kawùṯra.ˈ ʾelíṯa mən-ʾə̀rbət xwára,ˈ pàṛa,ˈ ʾə̀rbe,ˈ la-ʾə̀zze,ˈ lá ʾan-kòmeˈ y-amrə́xla ʾàxni.ˈ ʾelíṯa yáʿni ʾə́rbət xwàreˈ pàṛe,ˈ baràna,ˈ ta-qàlya barána.ˈ páṛa parmə́xwale ta-kùt-yom.ˈ yáʿni mắṯălan ʾə́dyo ʾítlən ʾàrxe,ˈ parmə́xwa …ˈ hə́nd ṃaḷèwa.ˈ mṭawə́xwa bə̀sra.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa nùra,ˈ gòje-wɛwa,ˈ qɛ́se gòṛe.ˈ y-oḏə́xwala pàlle.ˈ ʾən-ʾítwalən mànqal,ˈ dɛrə́xwa gu-mànqal.ˈ ʾən-wɛ́wa xànči.ˈ ʾən-wɛ́wa náše rábe là.ˈ … kanùna.ˈ ʾó ṃaḷə́xwale šíšət bə̀sra.ˈ qálya har-ʾay-ʾelíṯa bə̀sra hawé ṭrísa,ˈ qamàyeˈ dɛríwale ʾàw,ˈ qám ṱ-o-smòqa.ˈ y-oḏíwa pə́ške hátxa zòre,ˈ ʾó-t băyéwa qăràne.ˈ pə́ške y-oḏə̀xwa ʾáxni,ˈ ta-xàla.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa béʾe gàwe.ˈ bašlə́xwa šórba bìye.ˈ gu-pràxe dɛrə́xwa,ˈ gu-dòlma,ˈ dùxwa,ˈ mə́jja ʾáwwa dàwwe.ˈ lá măyə́xwa gùḏa,ˈ palṭə́xwala č̣ìta.ˈ yáʿni mə́šxa mpalṭə̀xwale.ˈ ʾan-dáwwe marəxṯə̀xwalaˈ gu-marə́gla gòṛa.ˈ raxṯíwa dàwweˈ šoqə́xwala qaṭpìwa.ˈ qaṭpíwa miyèy.ˈ míya y-áwɛ zalàle,ˈ míyət màsta.ˈ dɛrə́xwale kìsa,ˈ kísa gòṛa,ˈ xɛṭə́xwa xā̀ṣˈ qa-dàwwe.ˈ dɛrə́xwa dàwwe,ˈ xánči šoqə́xwale gu-margə̀lta.ˈ baʿdḗn talə́xwale b-ʾilàna.ˈ ʾítwa ʾilàna,ˈ mattə́xwa ʾamàna xóṯe ṭla-lá mbarə̀bzi,ˈ mbarə́bzi míyət dàwwe.ˈ páyəšwa qə̀šya.ˈ y-oḏə́xwala hátxa-qàška,ˈ máx kùbbe.ˈ ʾu-mattə̀xwale,ˈ lá šə̀mša,ˈ ṭə̀lla hátxa mattə̀xwale.ˈ barə́zwa ṭla-sə̀twa.ˈ sə́twa y-oḏə́xwa dùxwa.ˈ ʾi-mɛjə́xwale ʾamánət ʾùpra,ˈ m-Dɛrə̀gni.ˈ kút-xa hawéwale xà.ˈ y-awéwala ʾiṯàṯa,ˈ ʾu-dúkṯət ṣláya dàwwe.ˈ ʾi-mṣapə̀xwaleˈ y-oḏə̀xwale.ˈ sáṛe xašlə́xwala b-xašòlta.ˈ ʾu-mpartənə̀xwalaˈ ʾu-qašrə̀xwala.ˈ ʾi-mxallə̀xwale,ˈ dɛrə́xwale bə̀sra,ˈ dɛrə́xwa ʾelìṯa,ˈ dɛrə́xwa gɛ̀rme.ˈ gɛ́rme y-awɛ́wa brìze,ˈ mbùrze gɛ́rme.ˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa gu-dùxwa.ˈ ʾi-bašə́lwa y-awə́xwa tíwe mbarxòše,ˈ ʾúmma šə̀nne!ˈ šəlgə̀mme ʾé,ˈ šəlgə́mme dɛrə̀xwa,ˈ ʾína ʾáxni kúbba ʾàxxa ṯélən dráya.ˈ yáʿni gu-Mòṣul,ˈ ʾu-ʾàn-dukane,ˈ ʾina-ʾáxni gu-Bárwar là.ˈ gə̀rḏo y-oḏə́xwa.ˈ xùmṣa,ˈ bə́sra har-xašlə́xwale gu-rə̀zza.ˈ rə́zza y-awéwa ʾo-t-ṭḷàṯa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa ʾáwwəl dórta rə̀zza.ˈ ʾu-ṯáni dórta dòlma.ˈ ʾu-ṯáləṯ dòrta,ˈ ʾo-daqíqa … ʾərbàla,ˈ qəṣqə̀ṣta.ˈ marəkxə̀xwaleˈ ʾu-dɛrə́xwa bə́sra gàw,ˈ xašlə̀xwa.ˈ lá dɛrə́xwa gáwe kùbbe.ˈ ʾáxni ʾàxxa-x wáḏa hádəx,ˈ yáʿni gu-mḏìta,ˈ gu-Mòṣul,ˈ gu-Bàġdad.ˈ ʾína gắrəg kúlla bə̀sra hawéwa,ˈ ʾu-šaqlə́xwa hátxa kutə́lṯa gòṛta.ˈ gu-xúmṣa bašə̀lwa,ˈ gɛ̀rmeˈ ʾu-šəlgə̀mmeˈ ʾu-ʾatxa.ˈ ʾu-smóqe ʾi-mṣapə̀xwala.ˈ smóqe dɛrə́xwalɛ gu-mìye,ˈ marəṯə̀xwalɛ.ˈ y-áwe qə́ppo b-rèša,ˈ ʾáxni y-amràxxa.ˈ ʾi-mṣapə́xwala ʾap-ʾày,ˈ ʾu-dɛrə́xwala gu-rə̀zza,ˈ míyət smòqe.ˈ módi y-oḏíwa m-rə̀zza?ˈ m-rə́zza y-oḏə́xwa ya-xùmṣa,ˈ kùbbət rə́zza,ˈ y-oḏə̀xwala.ˈ y-amrə́xwala kúbbət šòrba.ˈ šórba dɛrə́xwa tamàtoˈ ʾu-máʿjūn gàwa.ˈ ʾína ʾáyyət xúmṣa har-xúmṣa háwe xwarnàya.ˈ yáʿni smóqa m-tamáto là dɛrə́xwa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa dòlma,ˈ y-oḏə́xwa gə̀rḏo,ˈ bušàla.ˈ ʾay-gə́rḏo ʾa-qšìṯa,ˈ ta-duxràne,ˈ ʾína bušála t-ʾoḏə́xwala ṭlàlən,ˈ xánči miyànta,ˈ la-ràba.ˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa mə̀šxa,ˈ ṭàxin,ˈ šíšme xšìle.ˈ nepúxta hè,ˈ m-ʾálpa ʾáxni lá raba-ʾi-mapəlxə̀xwala.ˈ ʾína hawèwalən.ˈ be-xáli y-oḏíwa Musàkka,ˈ ʾáni ʾə́nwe kóme ràba.ˈ ʾu-dòlma?ˈ ʾe-b-àlaha!ˈ kut-tré yomáṯa ṭḷàṯa.ˈ xéna ʾən-hawéwa bə̀sra,ˈ ʾən-háwəxwa príme ʾə̀rwe,ˈ dɛ̀rəxwa bə́sra.ˈ karáfəs là dɛrə́xwa kəslɛ́ni.ˈ là dɛrə́xwa.ˈ hadíya ʾi-dɛ̀rəx.ˈ bə́ṣla-w tùma,ˈ ʾu-rə̀zza,ˈ ʾu-ṭàrpe,ˈ ṭárpət dalìṯa,ˈ ṭárpət sə̀lqa,ˈ ṭárpət kalằme.ˈ bə́ṣla har-mawjū̀d-iwa.ˈ xá-reša tùma,ˈ hàtxa.ˈ y-óḏəxwa trè-ṭuxme.ˈ be-xàli,ˈ be-mámət yə̀mmiˈ là-băyiwale túma.ˈ ʾap-bə́ṣla la-bằyiwale.ˈ dɛ́rəxwa là y-amrəxwaléy.ˈ ʾína túma har-là-ʾaṯewa qurba-lléy.ˈ dáx y-oḏítuwa gùpta?ˈ xə́lya ʾi-mjămə́xwa ràba,ˈ ʾárba dàne.ˈ ʾi-mjămə́xwale gu-quṣàrta,ˈ ʾi-mṣapə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-máttəxwale màttəxwale,ˈ xáčči mšaxnə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-y-oḏíwa marɛ́ṯət gùpta.ˈ lɛ̀ḏən mən-módi.ˈ gəsəkyàṯa,ˈ băharā̀tˈ ʾu-dɛríwa xà-mdi xéna,ˈ fə́lfəl ʾàswad,ˈ qărànta,ˈ yaʿni là-xšilta.ˈ lá kulla-náše yắḏi ṱ-oḏìla.ˈ k̭ḕm baxtáṯa y-oḏíla.ˈ yə́mmi lípta m-yə́mma dìya,ˈ ʾašitnɛ̀ṯa-wawa.ˈ lá-barya ḏa-šéta t-páyəšwa bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ har-dána b-danà y-oḏíwalaˈ ta-xákma yomàne.ˈ báhər y-áwe xə́lya ràba,ˈ y-oḏíwa gùpta,ˈ ʾína b-qɛ́ṭa la-màṣiwaˈ sab-xànči y-áwe xə́lya.ˈ mšaxníle xànči,ˈ lá marəṯxìle.ˈ xánči mšaxnìleˈ ʾu-dɛ́rɛ marɛ̀ṯaˈ ʾu-mkàsɛleˈ ʾu-pɛ́šawa gùpta.ˈ dɛ́riwale l-kìstaˈ ʾu-mattìwa.ˈ ʾíṯwalən pàrše,ˈ trè,ˈ xa-xóṯa xa-rèša,ˈ ta-t-ṭăbəqàwa,ˈ pɛ́šawa gùpta.ˈ hàtxa rešăwáṯa,ˈ hàtxɛwa.ˈ ʾu-parmíwale b-šàpra.ˈ dɛrɛ́tuwa gáwa sə̀rke?ˈ làˈ béna sə́rke dɛ́rəxwa gu-jàjək.ˈ là.ˈ ʾàyˈ mattə́xwa xa-ṭàbăqaˈ yáʿni jàjəkˈ ʾu-xa gúpta b-rèšeˈ ʾu-dɛ́rəxwa sə̀rke.ˈ ʾáy y-oḏìwala,ˈ xoṭíwala b-ɛ̀-ga.ˈ sə̀rmo y-amrə́xxa.ˈ ṭamrə̀xwala gu-ʾúpra.ˈ ʾən-dɛrə̀xwa,ˈ dɛrə́xwa sə̀rmo gáwe.ˈ ʾən-băyə́xwa tùma,ˈ ṭla-mbašàlta,ˈ kèfən-ile.ˈ bắyəxwa mbašlə̀xwa,ˈ bắyəxwa là.ˈ gu-báhər kúl-məndi y-oḏə̀xwa mə́nna.ˈ mṭawə̀xwaˈ dɛrə́xwa rəš-masə̀xṯa.ˈ masə́xṯa mattə́xwala rəš-pàlle.ˈ y-oḏítuwa màsta?ˈ màstaˈ xə́lya mɛṯə̀xxe,ˈ marəṯxə̀xxe.ˈ qàyər xánči.ˈ dɛ́rəx xa-màsta gáwe,ˈ pɛ́ša màsta.ˈ ʾu-ʾey-màstaˈ pɛ́ša xamùṣta.ˈ ʾi-šoqə̀xlaˈ ʾu-mắyəx gúḏa bìya.ˈ dɛ́rəxwala ṭla-dàwweˈ mpalṭə́xwa mə̀šxa,ˈ ʾu-ham-dàwweˈ ʾu-hám ṭla-k̭àška,ˈ ṭla-mbašòle,ˈ ṭla-štàya,ˈ dàwweˈ ṭla-kùl-məndi.ˈ mràzgiˈ tmánya yománe y-áwəxwa páya lə̀xma.ˈ ʾu-mrazgíwa ʾilàna.ˈ ʾílànaˈ mɛṯíwa kúlla mə́ndit mèwa.ˈ maxíwa ʾilàna.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga lìṯwa kéka.ˈ y-asqíwa l-gàre,ˈ ʾɛ-dánə mɛṯíwala kʸàlo,ˈ napṣìwala.ˈ zonìwala,ˈ xálət xə̀tnɛle.ˈ zabə́nwa ʾilàna,ˈ b-ɛ́-ga náše xéne ʾi-zòni.ˈ mšàrki.ˈ ʾáxni zabnə̀xwala ʾilána.ˈ xlúla hàtxɛwa qamáye.ˈ xéna xlùlaˈ mrazgìwa,ˈ mparmíwa ʾə̀rwe,ˈ mbašlìwa,ˈ mbanìwa,ˈ maštíwa ʾằraq,ˈ xàmra,ˈ ʾu-kùlla-məndi.ˈ ṭúrši y-oḏə́xwa b-gànən.ˈ dɛ́rəxwa gu-lìne,ˈ líne gòṛe,ˈ linyàṯa,ˈ ʾánna-t mìya.ˈ dáx lwíštət kʸàlo?ˈ gə̀rwe,ˈ ṣàwle,ˈ júlle rìxe,ˈ júllə jərjḕt,ˈ ʾáyya fəstánə jərjḕt,ˈ ʾu-ʾáyya k̭appúrtə qăṭìfa,ˈ zárgəf kùllaˈ mnoqàšta,ˈ ʾu-pošìya,ˈ ʾu-xá-warda ṱ-átxa maxíwa gu-pošíya dìya,ˈ kămằra-wˈ ʾáyya gərdằna.ˈ qamáye mxamòle,ˈ yáʿni mxámli qa-xlùla,ˈ dɛ́ri tìta,ˈ dɛ́ri kămằra,ˈ dɛ́ri xalaqyàṯa,ˈ dɛ́ri ʾáwwa ṭṑq,ˈ yə̀mmi ʾítwala,ˈ kúlla m-d-ánnə sèma.ˈ šəbbəryàṯa,ˈ séma kùlla-məndi.ˈ ʾisə́qṯə sèma,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga líṯwa ḥằlăqa,ˈ qamàye.ˈ bas-ʾisə̀qṯa y-oḏíwa,ˈ sèma.ˈ b-ɛ́-ga malušíwala ʿàdi,ˈ dɛríwa xə̀ppo,ˈ pošìya,ˈ dáx t-rɛmawa-ày,ˈ pošíya ʾu-xə́ppo b-rèšaˈ ṯlaṯà yománeˈ ʾáp-xa là mgaléwala.ˈ lá baryáwa makšùfaˈ kʸàlo.ˈ lázəm hoyáwa xə́ppo b-rèša,ˈ max-šála raqìqa,ˈ la-xlìma.ˈ dáx lwíštət xə̀tna?ˈ lwíštət xə́tna júlle ṭiyariyàna,ˈ ṣùdraˈ lawandíye mnùqše,ˈ ʾu-šā̀l,ˈ ʾu-xánjər dàwa,ˈ ʾo-t-ʾìtwale xánjər dáwa.ˈ ʾáxni ʾìtwalən.ˈ là kulla-dúnye.ˈ kúlla náše lítwaley dàwa.ˈ là ṭalbíwala.ˈ ʾáxni kíslən lɛ̀la ṭlíbe,ˈ ʾáxni ʾìṯwalən.ˈ ʾìnaˈ dɛríwa topàṯaˈ ʾánnə mɛṯíwala kʸàloˈ ʾánnə xɛpíwale xə́tna dɛríwa topàṯa.ˈ ʾən-kʸálo m-gu-màṯa,ˈ čɛrxìwala máṯaˈ xáṣə dawɛ̀re.ˈ y-amríwa čáppe bùkela.ˈ ʾay-ṱ-aṯyàwa,ˈ ṱ-oràwa,ˈ maxyáwa … mə̀šxaˈ ʾu-ṱ-oḏáwa ṣlìwa,ˈ mə̀šxa,ˈ gu-tắrət qàṣra.ˈ dánə ṱ-oràwa,ˈ lá qablíwala xá-mdi gu-tằra,ˈ lá qabláwa ṱ-oráwa kʸàlo.ˈ yaʿni dàwa,ˈ xa-mə̀ndi.ˈ xmáṯa ṱ-amràwa:ˈ quṣàrta.ˈ kʸálo là qabláwa,ˈ béna y-amráwa ʾána là bắyən quṣárta.ˈ bènaˈ xaṯwáṯət kʸàlo,ˈ marwáṯa dìyaˈ y-amríwa là.ˈ bắyəx xá-məndi gu-tằra qablítula.ˈ ʾána míra-wewa ʾo-níxət xəmyàniˈ lá ʾoḏítu kămằra,ˈ čàkke,ˈ ʾàna zonə́nna.ˈ ʾána qablə́nna gu-tắra kămằra.ˈ múṯyəllele ʾɛ-dàna,ˈ ʾíṯwa b-xáṣi kămằra,ˈ ʾo-t-yə̀mmi.ˈ ʾə̀ṯyɛleˈ múṯyəlle ʾo-kămằra,ˈ mə́xyəlle b-xàṣiˈ mə́re ʾáwwa hadìya də-ʾùr.ˈ xlúla basìmaˈ y-awéwa gu-bàte,ˈ báte gòṛe,ˈ ʾu-rqáḏa-w zmàra.ˈ ʾáy gu-màrge y-amrə́xwala.ˈ ṭḷaṯá yománe xlùla y-awéwa.ˈ be-xə̀tna xlúla,ˈ la t-kʸàlo.ˈ yomə-šawwàˈ y-azíwa be-bába dìya,ˈ kʸàlo.ˈ kə́mət bằyiwa,ˈ čɛdíwa nablíwa be-bàba.ˈ mắṯălan ʾo-čída flàn.ˈ yan-ʾay-mánṭăqa diyɛ́ni kùllaˈ čɛdə̀tla,ˈ ʾo-t-bắye ʾàzəl,ˈ ʾo-t-bắye là.ˈ ʾáwwa dànaˈ bábi parə̀mwa.ˈ prim-ʾə̀rwe.ˈ ʾu-mbošə̀lla-wˈ wídla xùmṣa,ˈ wídla rə́zza-w šòrba.ˈ xə́tna lè-y-axəlˈ ʾə́lla qablíle xà-məndi.ˈ díya bìš-ila maṯóyəlla,ˈ bìš-ila hawə́lla,ˈ díya ʾə́lla xá-mdi dàwa bắyi,ˈ ya-ṣlìwa,ˈ ya-šəbbə̀rṯa,ˈ ʾisə́qṯa mən-d-án yaqùre,ˈ m-an-tàze.ˈ dáx y-oyáwa lwíštət kùt-yom?ˈ lwíštət kùt-yom,ˈ ta-baxtàṯa,ˈ ʿàdi,ˈ ṣudràṯa-wˈ jăketàṯa-wˈ yubqàṯa,ˈ yubqáṯa b-áyya xàrṯaˈ yaʿni mən-ʾámri là,ˈ lìṯwa yubqáṯa.ˈ ṣáwle ʾìṯwa,ˈ bắyi ramàneˈ bắyi kopàne,ˈ kèfəx.ˈ ʾay-yalə̀xta,ˈ k̭unnə̀kṯa,ˈ ʾay-šàlla,ˈ y-asṛíwala hátxa gòṛeˈ y-áwa xlìme.ˈ kúlla baxtàṯa,ˈ m-bar d-ɛ̀-gaˈ y-amrə́xwala k̭unnəkyáṯə sàntən,ˈ ʾánna smoqnàyeˈ xánči komnàye,ˈ qahwàye.ˈ hátxa y-asṛìwa baxtáṯa,ˈ ḥátta lá-hawɛwa sark̭òle.ˈ ʾɛ̀bɛle,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga lìṯwaˈ sark̭òlaˈ ʾàxniˈ kə̀slən,ˈ yáʿni kùlla Bárwər.ˈ yáʿni kùlla náše,ˈ ḥátta ʾašitnàye,ˈ ḥátta ṭiyaràye.ˈ ʾína bráta la-baryáwa ṱ-oyàwaˈ sark̭òle.ˈ ʾáxni zoníwalən kăfiyyā̀t,ˈ yaləxyàṯa,ˈ milàne,ˈ smòqe,ˈ zằre.ˈ kúlla ʾalwā̀n ʾíṯwa.ˈ y-asṛə̀xwala.ˈ lá y-ṣalə́xwa ḥátta ʾùmraˈ xṭìṯɛwa ṣáləxwa sark̭óle.ˈ láxxa kúlla sark̭óle ṯáya ʾùmra,ˈ dax-bàrya?ˈ xṭìṯa!ˈ xɛṭítuwa lwíšta b-gʸanɛ̀xu?ˈ b-ìḏən xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ ṣúdra yan-kasrā̀tˈ diyòpe y-amrə́xwala,ˈ klṑš,ˈ lá băyáwala rába xyàṭṭa.ˈ y-awéwa wásta bra-qḏàla,ˈ brɛṯáṯe rìxeˈ y-oḏə̀xwala.ˈ ʾi-xaṭə̀xwa.ˈ ʾu-ʾíṯwa ṱ-iwɛ́wa ṣə́lye ḥabbanìyya,ˈ yáʿni b-ay-dána lànwa wíṯa,ˈ múṯye măkàyən,ˈ măkínət ʾìḏa,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga líṯwa bə̀rqa.ˈ kúlla qŭmašā́t ʾɛ́-ga bíš-wɛwa rešàye.ˈ kúlla ḥărìr,ˈ sàntəmˈ ʾu-brèsəm.ˈ zaqrìtuwa?ˈ zqára ʾi-zaqrə́xwa ʾàxni,ˈ hè.ˈ zaqrə́xwa bluzā̀t,ˈ zaqrə́xwa gə̀rwe.ˈ b-gànən zaqrə́xwa,ˈ ʾu-mdi băyə̀xwaˈ zaqrə́xwa ʾàxni.ˈ y-azlə́xwa kùša.ˈ ṣūf ʾàṣli,ˈ y-oḏə́xwale guttàṯa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa ṭḷáṯa táqe naqìḏe lázəm.ˈ zaqrə́xwa gə̀rwe,ˈ zaqrə́xwa bluzā̀t,ˈ zaqrə́xwa jaketàṯa,ˈ zaqrə́xwa brɛṯàṯa.ˈ zaqrə́xwa kùl-məndi.ˈ šàqe ta-gúṛe.ˈ y-awéwa rába tàlga.ˈ ʾi-lošíwala gùṛeˈ y-azìwa,ˈ ta-t-lá măríwa ʾaqlaṯèy.ˈ zaqrə́xwa ta-bàbi,ˈ ta-xòni.ˈ xanúṯa huḏàye ʾíṯwalaˈ ʾu-gerəsnàye.ˈ y-oḏíwa jùlle,ˈ yáʿni ṭiyariyàna.ˈ zaqríwa parzùne,ˈ čanàṯa.ˈ dáx y-oḏítuwa ʾàmṛa?ˈ ʾàmṛaˈ napšə̀xwale.ˈ ʾíṯwa masə̀rqa.ˈ ʾíṯwa masə̀rqa,ˈ ʾíwa bíye xmaṭáṯa ràbe.ˈ napšə̀xwale,ˈ sarqə́xwale hátxa tàza.ˈ qamáye ʾo-rešáya šaqlə̀xwaleˈ ta-jùlle.ˈ ʾo-xèna,ˈ y-amrə́xxa bərgàwa,ˈ ʾo-t biš-daqìqa.ˈ ʾáw y-oḏə̀xwaˈ y-azlə́xwa ta-gə̀rwe,ˈ ṭla-bluzā̀t,ˈ ṭla-brɛṯàṯa,ˈ ṭla-šàqe.ˈ kosìṯa,ˈ har-ʾàmṛa-wewa,ˈ gamríwa gmàra.ˈ ʾaw-lə́va t-pàṛe.ˈ ʾáw y-oḏíwa kosyàṯa.ˈ ʾáxni ʾìtlɛni júlle ṭiyariyàna.ˈ ʾi-zaqrə́xwa šàle.ˈ ʾašitnàyeˈ qəm-mpalṭíla ʾáwwa šálət qḏàla,ˈ hàšya,ˈ ʾána hon-zqìrta mə́nne.ˈ ʾáni zaqrə́xwa táma bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ kúlla b-ʾìḏən zaqrə́xwa,ˈ b-ʾìḏən.ˈ bɛṯăwáṯa gu-ʾƐ̄n-Núne dàx-wɛwa?ˈ bɛṯăwàṯa,ˈ ʾíṯwa qàṣre,ˈ ʾíṯwa báte ʾatìqe.ˈ ʾáxni bɛ́ṯət be-bábi ʾatìqa-wewa.ˈ ʾína ramánɛwa biš-mən-qáṣrət kùl-naše.ˈ trè ṭăbáqe-wewa.ˈ báte gòṛe,ˈ y-oḏíwa ʾotáxe max-d-àyya,ˈ biš-pṯìṯa.ˈ ʾotáxe gòṛe hawéwa.ˈ ʾáyya mánzəl tàwɛla,ˈ har-tàwɛla,ˈ ʾap-ʾàxni,ˈ ʾáp gu-ʾƐ̄n-Nùne.ˈ ʾíṯwa qáṣre ràbe,ˈ ʾə́šta šàwwa manzàle,ˈ tmanyà manzále,ˈ ʾo-ṱ-ile-bə̀nya,ˈ pàlgət máṯa,ˈ xámka bə̀nyaˈ ʾu-xámka là.ˈ qàṣra,ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa gu-Lèvi,ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa gu-răwàtəb,ˈ ʾìtwaley,ˈ mšadríwa zùze-wˈ banìwa báte.ˈ gu-bɛ̀ṯa,ˈ xóṯa gomăwàṯa.ˈ gòma,ˈ t-haywàne.ˈ ʾína ʾáw tắra lá tắra mə́nne-mənnət tắrət nàše,ˈ m-àwwa bára.ˈ mắṯălan ʾáwwa tằrən-ile,ˈ yáʾha gòtaˈ hátxa ʾàxxaˈ wằdər.ˈ ʾə̀rwe,ˈ gə̀ḏye,ˈ ʾáni kút-xa b-ḏa-dùka.ˈ ʾu-ʾo-t-la-bắyewala xo-bàte,ˈ bắyewala báte xtàye,ˈ ʾaw-y-awə̀ḏwa góma,ˈ ʾăráṯa pə̀ryewa.ˈ ʾazìwaˈ mattíwa xa-gómət tre-ʾotàxe,ˈ ṭìna,ˈ ʾoḏíwale gòmaˈ ta-ḥaywàne.ˈ ʾo-t-maṣèwaˈ ʾítwale ʾə́rwe ràbe.ˈ báhər y-awéwa dùna.ˈ dúna qam-tắra hátxa gḏìla,ˈ qɛ̀se,ˈ ṭàrpa.ˈ báhər y-áwe xə̀mma.ˈ har-ṯéwala mə̀ṭra,ˈ xošíwala gu-gòma.ˈ ʾíṯwa xáṣət gómət ʾə̀rwe,ˈ ʾu-t-xáṣət tàwreˈ ʾu-t-pàṛeˈ xòḏey.ˈ ʾə́rwe b-xoḏèy,ˈ ʾína tawráṯa ʾu-táwre ʾáni kút-xa b-xòḏey.ˈ ʾə́rwe năwazìk-ila.ˈ maxéla táwra ʾu-qaṭə̀lla.ˈ kút-xa bɛ́ṯa xòḏey-wa.ˈ hàtxa y-oḏə́xwa.ˈ dɛríwa gə̀lla,ˈ dɛríwa ṭàrpa.ˈ kut-dána ʾítwaley danàne.ˈ yáʿni sáʾət ʾàrbaˈ ʾáy xa-ramšət ḥaywànela.ˈ ʾáxni bɛṯɛ̀niˈ har-ṭìna-wɛwa.ˈ bas le-y-mabyə̀nwaˈ képe ʾu-ṭíne dɛríwa max-d-ánna gudàne.ˈ mattíwa kèpe,ˈ kúlla hàzər.ˈ lə́bne la-bàrya,ˈ lax-gu-dàšta.ˈ mattíwa panjariyàṯa.ˈ damxə́xwa b-gáre b-qɛ̀ṭa.ˈ b-qɛ̀ṭa,ˈ qam-qăṭíwa məṭráṯaˈ xá-gaya y-asqə̀xwa,ˈ ʾaryàwa dúnye,ˈ xá-gaya là.ˈ … məstìke,ˈ kút-xa-w táxte dìye,ˈ táxtət qɛ̀sa.ˈ kút-xa ʾi-maxə́xwa qɛ̀seˈ táləxwa mə́stik bìya.ˈ xɛ́ṭəxwa məstíke ʾàxni,ˈ b-ìḏən xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ b-mašìna xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ ʾítwala mašína t-wɛ́wa ràbe.ˈ mən-sə́twa y-awə́xwa bə̀dyeˈ hal-héwən-t gàre.ˈ la-kùššət.ˈ kút kəma-šə̀nne.ˈ načlíwa qăṭìwa,ˈ xɛ́ṭəxwa m-bădalèy.ˈ b-sə́twa xɛ́ṭəxwa ta-qɛ̀ṭa.ˈ dáx y-asqítuwa l-gàre?ˈ semàlta.ˈ semàlta,ˈ ʾo-t-ʾítwale xàlqe,ˈ b-xálqe hátxa naqìḏe.ˈ ʾo-t-ʾítwale ʾáyya dàpeˈ max-xa-dăràje,ˈ ʾáni xálqe pə́ṯye max-xa-dăràyəj.ˈ qaplɛ̀ni mattə́xwa l-gáre.ˈ dăráje t-kèpɛla,ˈ ʾína semàltaˈ ʾáyya t-qɛ̀se,ˈ max-d-ánna ṱ-ásqi ʾăbu-bə̀rqa.ˈ ʾáxni hàtxɛwa semáltən ʾap-ʾáxni.ˈ mən-ʾɛ́ka šaqlítuwa mìya?ˈ mìyaˈ ʾítlən ʾɛnàṯa ʾáxni.ˈ ʾɛ́na y-amrə́xxa ʾɛ́nət K̭ùtto.ˈ ʾay-m-ày gotət-máṯɛla.ˈ ʾítlən ʾɛ́nət ʾùmra.ˈ ʾay-čú-ga lá-qɛ́ṭa-w lá-sətwa bárzi míya dìya.ˈ trè ʾɛnáṯa ʾítlən.ˈ ʾáyya y-amrə́xwa t-šə́ttət tàxelaˈ ʾáyya t-réšət máṯa dìyən-ila.ˈ dáx mɛṯítuwa mìya?ˈ ʾamàne,ˈ tannə̀kke,ˈ ʾánnət nùṭa,ˈ ʾaw-púmma zòra,ˈ tannə̀kka.ˈ ʾáwwa sar-mòr.ˈ núṭa sar-mòr.ˈ msarqə̀xwala-wˈ dɛrə́xwa qə̀ṭmaˈ mxallə́xwala tàza.ˈ mattə́xwa qam-šə́mša xa-tmánya yomàne.ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa ʿáyəla rábe la-ṃaḷíwa míyə zawriyàṯa,ˈ kawàze,ˈ qăriyàṯa.ˈ ʾína kut-béna béna ʾáxni y-azə́xwa mɛṯə́xwa mìya.ˈ lé-y-pɛšəxwa mbádla hal-ʾaṣə̀rta la-mɛ́ṯəx,ˈ là.ˈ kut-béna ḏá-mənnən y-azáwa y-arqáwa l-ʾɛ̀naˈ maṯyáwa míya qarìre.ˈ hàtxɛwa.ˈ lìṯwa ṯallàja qamáye.ˈ díya kúl-məndi ʾíṯwa hàḏ̣ər,ˈ ḥănăfíye gu-bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ səttinā̀t-wawaˈ wíye sìqe l-ḥănăfiyā́t.ˈ šə́ttət ʾə̀štiˈ síqa ḥănăfiyā́t ʾu-bə́rqa-w kùl-məndi.ˈ ʾɛ́ka náše xɛpìwa?ˈ xɛpíwa kút-xa gu-bustàne díye.ˈ y-áwəḏwale ḥàmmam.ˈ gaḏə́lwala hàtxaˈ gadlíwala qamáye b-səryòqe,ˈ ṭàrpa-wˈ ʾu-baʿdḗn dɛríwala šišmànta.ˈ bás šoqíwa dúkṯət páləṭwa tə̀nna.ˈ míya m-šaqìṯa,ˈ ʾíṯwa šaqíṯa ràsən.ˈ marəxṯə̀xwaˈ mɛṯə́xwa mattə́xwa qɛ̀se,ˈ marə́gla gòṛa hátxaˈ yaddā̀t.ˈ mattə́xwale rəš-kanùnaˈ hàl ʾo-xaráya.ˈ míya hàr-hola šxána.ˈ míya šaqlə́xwa m-šaqíṯa dɛrə́xwa gu-marə̀gla.ˈ ʾáp-ʾaxni díya ʾáxxa m-ànila ḥammamɛ́ni.ˈ ṣábun ràggʸeˈ ʾu-ʾùpra.ˈ ʾa-t-wáwa máre káwsa là ṣaléwa ṣábun,ˈ ʾína dɛríwa ʾùpre.ˈ ʾíṯwa xa-ʾùpra,ˈ məšxàna,ˈ ʾúpra smòqa.ˈ ṣalə̀xwaˈ ʾu-kut-šéta xa-gáya y-oḏə́xwa mən-d-o-ʾùpra.ˈ palṭa-bàhərˈ y-oḏə́xwa ʾùpraˈ mattə́xwale tămàha.ˈ ʾa-t-la-ṣaléwa kawsa-díya y-awéwa rába xɛlàna-wˈ xlìma,ˈ dɛríwa ʾúpra xazə́twa xrrr maṣlɛ̀wale,ˈ sarqíwale gu-mìya.ˈ ʾu-jùlle, dáx masìtuwa?ˈ b-ìḏən,ˈ b-ṭàšteˈ har-táma gu-ḥàmmam.ˈ gu-ḥammàmeˈ šlìplaˈ ʾánna kúlla xìplaˈ ʾan-zòre-w ʾan-ràbe-wˈ y-ázi pɛ́ši tə̀rte gu-néra.ˈ ʾána masyànwaˈ ʾu-xáṯi mparpyàwa.ˈ ʾu-šaṭxə̀xwala.ˈ ʾáp-ʾaxni xɛpə́xwa ʾu-y-azə́xwa bɛ̀ṯaˈ gu-ʾaqàra.ˈ ʾína díya píša ḥammămáṯa gu-bàte.ˈ lé-y-aziwa ʾaqàra.ˈ gu-sə̀twaˈ dáx mšaxnítuwa bɛṯăwàṯa?ˈ ṣópət qɛ̀se.ˈ kúlla qɛ̀seˈ y-azíwa mɛṯɛ́la b-qɛ́ṭa qɛ́se qa-sə̀twa.ˈ mɛṯíwa səryòqe,ˈ ṭárpa qăṭíwa y-azìwa.ˈ mɛṯíwa ʾan-qɛ́se naqìḏe.ˈ kúlla torə̀xwala.ˈ ʾáxni la-morə́xwa xa-səryóqa gu-bɛ́ṯa ʾən-lá torə̀xwale.ˈ torə́xwala kúlla baràye.ˈ ʾu-masqə́xwa mattə̀xwalaˈ l-ḏà-gota,ˈ ṭàrma,ˈ ʾu-kú-bena morə̀xwa,ˈ málhəxwa ṣòp̂a.ˈ qɛ́se góṛe lè-y-lăyi ràsən.ˈ mattə́xwa mən-d-áni zóre mənnèyˈ ʾu-lăyíwa táma hal-ʾaṣə̀rta.ˈ mattə́twa xa-tre-qɛ́se xéne xlìmeˈ ʾu-lắye b-gàne.ˈ ʾɛ́ka y-awéwa ṣòp̂a?ˈ ṣóp̂a gu-ʾòtəx.ˈ bé-palgət ʾótəx mattə̀xwalaˈ ʾu-ʾíṯwa ʾáyya gùngeˈ max-băwàri,ˈ gúnge palṭíwa rəš-gàre.ˈ tə̀nna? tə̀nna,ˈ y-asə̀qwa tə́nna.ˈ là y-awéwa gu-bɛ́ṯa.ˈ gùngeˈ mattə́xwala xa-b-rəš-d-o-xèna,ˈ páləṭwa l-gàre.ˈ xáčča y-oḏə́xwala ramàna.ˈ y-azə́lwa tə̀nna.ˈ ʾap-l-gáre là hawéwa tə́nna.ˈ napṣə́xwala kút xamšássər yomàneˈ ʾan-gúnge šaqlə̀xwala-wˈ ṭaqṭaq l-ʾằra.ˈ gàre?ˈ mandrìwa,ˈ dɛríwa tùna,ˈ mandrìwale.ˈ ta-t-là ṣaléwa dalòpa.ˈ mandórta gòṛta,ˈ ʾáp-xa là-mṣe taqə́lla.ˈ kəma-gúṛe hal-ɛ́-gə masqíwala l-gàre.ˈ šəmmánət ʾamàne.ˈ šəmmánət ʾamàne?ˈ ʾay ṱ-amrə́xxa zawə̀rta.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa màrkən.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa kawàza.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa qărèṯa.ˈ qăriyáṯa y-áwi hàtxa.ˈ ʾanna t-mìya.ˈ béna ʾíṯ linyàṯa,ˈ lìne,ˈ linyáṯa ʾan-t-íla ʾàxḏ̣ar.ˈ dɛ́riwa mə̀šxa gáwe.ˈ y-amríwa ʾáw bíš la-mzànzərˈ yáwəl ṭéma pàyəšwa.ˈ ʾíṯwa ràbeˈ páyəšwa trè-šənne mə́šxa.ˈ ʾíṯwa ḏà-šeta.ˈ dɛ́riwala gu-d-an-lìne.ˈ búrra t-xmìra.ˈ mɛṯíwa m-Dɛrə̀gni.ˈ zonə́xwa kút-xa xà.ˈ kút-xa xa-ʾìtwale.ˈ quṣrìyaˈ ta-yále zóre dámxi gu-dargùšta,ˈ dudìya.ˈ lé-y-jɛriwa l-ganèyˈ ṣalíwa gu-d-àw.ˈ šaqlə́xwale mxallə́xwale mʿăqəmə̀xwale-wˈ mattə̀xwale xá-ga xéta.ˈ bəllòrta ʾítla.ˈ mattə́xla qa-yála zòra,ˈ mattə́xxa wàṣla,ˈ xa-wáṣla rakìxa.ˈ mattə̀xlaˈ ʾu-ʾàw,ˈ har-ṣále jórte dìye-wˈ šə́xte díye ṣále gu-d-àw,ˈ gu-quṣrìya.ˈ ʾáp-xa la-xazèla,ˈ ʾa-dánə ṱ-áwe ṭlìya yálaˈ ʾu-qàyəmˈ šaqlə̀xla,ˈ mtăməzə̀xla.ˈ ʾíṯwa ṭaṭìya.ˈ ṭaṭíyət ʾàmṛa.ˈ kút-xa ʾárba xàmšaˈ y-awə́ḏwale ʾàmṛa.ˈ gamríwale ʾámṛət ʾə́rwət bằhər.ˈ ʾíṯwa náše xāṣ-d-áwwa šùla.ˈ xaliyàṯa,ˈ qădī́m qădī́m lìṯwa xaliyàṯa.ˈ ṭaṭíye y-oḏə́xwa gòṛe.ˈ y-oḏíwala baròre.ˈ ʾáwwa ṣū́f mpatlìleˈ rábe gúṛe y-awḏìwala.ˈ y-oḏíwa nə̀qše gáwaˈ t-ʾámṛa kòma,ˈ mṯallăṯā̀t,ˈ y-oḏíwale ṣlìwe,ˈ y-oḏíwale wàrde.ˈ mšawə̀xwala.ˈ ʾɛ́ka y-atwíwa nàše? y-atwíwa l-ʾằra,ˈ ʾu-dormadā́r kúlla berəšyàṯa.ˈ berəšyáṯa mattə̀xwa.ˈ bár ṯéle ʾáwwa záwna xaràya,ˈ síqla najjàreˈ mən-ʾAmedìya,ˈ mən-Mòṣul,ˈ kút-xa mtorə́ṣle ta-gàne.ˈ ʾítla qɛ́sət gàwzaˈ manpəlíle qɛ́sət gáwza ʾəššètaˈ ta-bazzúne ṱ-oḏíwa qănăpā̀t.ˈ b-ìḏa,ˈ qănapā̀t,ˈ mezăwā̀t,ˈ ṭabliyā̀t,ˈ dăwalī̀b,ˈ kùl-məndi wíḏe.ˈ qădī́m qădī́m har-ṭaṭíye mšawíwala-w ʾàtwi.ˈ berəšyáṯə ṣū́f y-oḏìwaˈ mattíwa dormadā́r náše ganìwa.ˈ b-lɛ́le mən-ʾɛ́kɛle pùrya?ˈ làmpe,ˈ fanùse.ˈ qamáye šràya.ˈ qamáye šráye dɛrìwa,ˈ dɛríwa ʾáyya ṭàxin,ˈ mà y-amrə́xla?ˈ gàwza?ˈ lá ʾa-t-gàwza mpalṭíwa ṭla-ʾèta,ˈ ṭla-ʾùmra.ˈ ʾána b-gáni là-taxrən m-áy.ˈ bas-yə́mmi mtanyáwa y-amràwaˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa y-oḏə́xwa nahìra,ˈ ṭàxin,ˈ ʾa-t-šìšme,ˈ ʾa-t-kù-məndi hawéwa.ˈ dɛríwa gu-šráya xá-məndi hátxa zòra.ˈ ʾína rába ʾi-pɛšàwa.ˈ ṭarníwala hátxa ṭrànaˈ mattìwala.ˈ ʾu-talíwala zaqrìwa,ˈ xɛṭìwa,ˈ ʾamədyàna.ˈ bar-šráye ṯéla làmpe,ˈ lámpət gùda,ˈ fanū̀sˈ y-ámri ʾarabàyeˈ ʾáxni y-amrə́xwala lámpət gúda ʾaw-lámpət ʾìḏa.ˈ ʾíṯən ʾan-zòre.ˈ ʾi-zonə̀xwaˈ ʾárba xàmšaˈ kút-xa ʾìtwale.ˈ ṣalíwa gu-ʾə̀rweˈ ṣalíwa tawráṯa ḏàla.ˈ kút-xa y-awéwale xà.ˈ ʾáxni tre-ṭḷàṯa.ˈ máttəxwala baráye gu-ṭàrma.ˈ tre-ṭḷáṯa gu-bɛ́ṯa ʾu-ʾánna tə̀lye.ˈ tàli,ˈ zaqrə́xwa hàšye,ˈ laqṭə̀xwa.ˈ nùṭa dɛrə́xwa.ˈ kút-yum ʾaṣə̀rta,ˈ sáʾət ʾàrba.ˈ kúlla-lampən y-awɛ́wa knìše,ˈ ʾu-mrùzgeˈ ʾu-mùtte,ˈ wíḏe ta-malhə̀xwala.ˈ ʾítwalən ṭàrmaˈ y-óḏəxwa kanùna.ˈ kanúna y-oḏə́xwale hàtxa,ˈ xa-kepa ʾàxxa,ˈ xa-képa xéna ʾàxxa,ˈ ʾàxxa-wˈ mattə́xwa qɛ̀sa-wˈ máttəxwa tannə̀kka.ˈ bắzəxwa tannə̀kka.ˈ tannə́kka t-nùṭa lɛ́la?ˈ mṭăbəqə̀xwalaˈ băzíwale yalùnke.ˈ ʾu-mattə́xwa quṣxàne b-réše.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa nùra,ˈ ʾáwwəl ma-t-ràxəṯ,ˈ garšə́xla qɛ̀se,ˈ pɛ́šiwa pàlle,ˈ hédi hédi bašə́lwa ʾixàla.ˈ y-apə́xwa lə́xma ràqqe,ˈ y-apə́xwa zeḏáye gu-tanùra.ˈ ṭḷáṯa ʾarbà-ṭuxmə lə́xma y-apə́xwa.ˈ y-apə́xwa qəllòra.ˈ xəṭṭe-romàye,ˈ ʾáni maṣlə́xwa ʾə̀rxe,ˈ ṭaxnə̀xwala.ˈ là kúlla náše.ˈ bas-ʾàxni,ˈ ʾo-t-băyèwa.ˈ ṣalə̀xwa,ˈ maṣlə́xwa ʾan-xə́ṭṭe romàye.ˈ ṭaxníwa y-oḏíwa qámxa daqìqa y-awéwa.ˈ ʾu-lɛšə̀xwale,ˈ dɛrə́xwa xmìra gáweˈ ʾu-y-àpəxwale.ˈ y-ápəxwa ta-xlìma y-awéwa,ˈ ta-dábšəx b-tanùra.ˈ xánči qámxa m-àxxa,ˈ xánči m-àxxa,ˈ y-apə̀xwala.ˈ ʾaw-rába basìma y-áwe he-b-àlaha.ˈ qəllòra,ˈ y-amrə́xxe qəllòra.ˈ zeḏáye ləxmət xə̀ṭṭele.ˈ … pràgeˈ práge daqìqe,ˈ ʾáxxa hon-xzíṯa práge dɛ́ri ta-ṭɛ̀re.ˈ lə́xmət sàṛe.ˈ ʾarbà-ṭuxme y-apə́xwa ʾáxni.ˈ ʾìtwalən xə́ṭṭe.ˈ náše mšahɛ́wa šăhìya.ˈ y-azə́lwa lə̀bbənˈ y-oḏə̀xwa,ˈ ṭaxnə́xwa xànči,ˈ hàtxa.ˈ y-ápəxwale xámka yomàne.ˈ ʾaw-kúlla b-tanùra.ˈ lɛ́le gu-bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ mắṯălan ʾáyya màṯən,ˈ ʾáxni gòṛtɛla máṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nùne,ˈ ʾítwalən yapyanyàṯaˈ tré baxtàṯa,ˈ xa-m-ày-gota,ˈ xa-m-ày-gota.ˈ kút-xa-w ʾax-t-̭ámrənwa ʾána ʿăšíra dìya.ˈ ʾítwalən ʾáxni xálti Širìneˈ ʾu-ʾámti Xàmmeˈ y-apíwa lə̀xma.ˈ lɛšíwale baxtàṯaˈ ʾu-nablíwale mattíwale rəš-tanùra.ˈ kut-xămèwaˈ y-apyàwale.ˈ ʾáp-ʾayya xéta xálti Širìne.ˈ tre-tanúre ʾíṯwa gu-màṯa.ˈ qamáye tre-tanùre.ˈ díya kút-bɛṯa ʾítle xa-tanùra.ˈ hadíya lìṯwa yapyanyàṯa.ˈ píšla máṯa ràbṯa.ˈ dukáne ʾìṯwa,ˈ bas-qímla kút-xa bnáya tanúra ta-gàne.ˈ mapəlxítuwa màrzaq?ˈ ṭə̀lme,ˈ lawàše.ˈ ʾáxni gamrə̀xwaˈ ʾu-ʾay-mṭapyàwa.ˈ ʾáni b-tanùre y-apə́xwala,ˈ biš-basìme y-áwa.ˈ ʾɛ́-gə ṱ-awéwa mắṯălan báwṯə Ninwàyeˈ y-apə́xwa làzəm háwɛ ṭə́lme.ˈ b-tanúra kùllən y-apə́xwa.ˈ ṭə́lme mattə́xxa ʾárba xámša gràma-wˈ màrzəq.ˈ gòṛe y-awéwa.ˈ zeḏáye là,ˈ b-ʾìḏən.ˈ čámče y-oḏíwa t-qɛ̀sa.ˈ ʾo-níxət bábi y-awə́ḏwa baxošyàṯa.ˈ ʾína čangále lìtwa.ˈ čangále lìtwa,ˈ le-y-áxləx b-čàngəl.ˈ ʾáxni le-y-áxləx b-skinyáṯa čangàle.ˈ badòde.ˈ baxšə́xwa nùra.ˈ gàzzaˈ šaqlə́xwa lə́xma bìyeˈ gu-tanùra.ˈ módi mxallə̀xwala?ˈ marəxṯə́xwa qə̀ṭma,ˈ y-awéwa hámmaše qə́ṭmət bə̀ṭme.ˈ ʾánna čámče ʾíṯ xáṣət ʾilánta d-ánna čàmče.ˈ qɛ́sət màlka y-amrə́xle.ˈ gu-kúlla Bɛ̀rwərˈ ṭḷàṯa dukáne ʾíṯ.ˈ y-asə́qwa bábi mbádla hal-b-lɛ́le mɛṯéwa xa-qə́ṭṭət qɛ̀sa.ˈ y-atúwa wáḏa čàmče.ˈ ʾítwale xàpro,ˈ ʾítwale xaṣìna.ˈ kùlla məndiyáne y-awə́ḏwa.ˈ y-awə́ḏwala šṭràne,ˈ kúlla máṯa bàbi y-awə́ḏwala čamčéy.ˈ ʾelíṯa ṯéla mən-ʾə̀rba.ˈ ʾə́rba parmə̀xwale,ˈ t-xwàre,ˈ ʾə́rbə t-xwàre,ˈ parmə̀xwale,ˈ xéna ʾelíṯa qalə̀xwaˈ dɛrə́xwa gu-kúlla mə̀ndi,ˈ gu-dòlma,ˈ gu-bə̀sra.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa qawùrma,ˈ ʾaw-qawúrwa dɛrə́xwa rə́zza ʾə̀lle.ˈ bə́sra rába donàna.ˈ ʾelíṯa-w rə̀zzaˈ bašlə̀xwale,ˈ ʾó y-amrìwaleˈ qawùrma.ˈ ṯáni yómət ʾéḏa y-oḏə́xwa duxràna.ˈ kúd-xa maṣléwa xà-lagăna,ˈ gə̀rḏo,ˈ ʾaw ʾó-t băyéwa kṯayàṯaˈ rəš-rə̀zza-wˈ ʾó-t băyèwaˈ qawùrma.ˈ yōm-gayàsa,ˈ bàṯər qyámta.ˈ xaḏríwa náše ʾeḏăwàṯaˈ w-y-azíwa mšamšíwa bɛṯ-qòra,ˈ rə́ḥqa mən-an-dukàne.ˈ kúlla mšamšìwa.ˈ qàše,ˈ šamáše y-azíwa qorăwàṯa.ˈ láwa ʾax-dìya.ˈ gu-màṯa wɛ́wa ʾɛ́-ga.ˈ yáʿni kúlla maṯwàṯaˈ báṯər ʾèta-wewaˈ báṯər ʾùmra.ˈ ʾánna y-azíwa mamšíwa qàše,ˈ bar-pálgət yóma y-aṯìwa,ˈ y-axlíwa kawùṯra.ˈ ʾelíṯa mən-ʾə̀rbət xwára,ˈ pàṛa,ˈ ʾə̀rbe,ˈ la-ʾə̀zze,ˈ lá ʾan-kòmeˈ y-amrə́xla ʾàxni.ˈ ʾelíṯa yáʿni ʾə́rbət xwàreˈ pàṛe,ˈ baràna,ˈ ta-qàlya barána.ˈ páṛa parmə́xwale ta-kùt-yom.ˈ yáʿni mắṯălan ʾə́dyo ʾítlən ʾàrxe,ˈ parmə́xwa …ˈ hə́nd ṃaḷèwa.ˈ mṭawə́xwa bə̀sra.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa nùra,ˈ gòje-wɛwa,ˈ qɛ́se gòṛe.ˈ y-oḏə́xwala pàlle.ˈ ʾən-ʾítwalən mànqal,ˈ dɛrə́xwa gu-mànqal.ˈ ʾən-wɛ́wa xànči.ˈ ʾən-wɛ́wa náše rábe là.ˈ … kanùna.ˈ ʾó ṃaḷə́xwale šíšət bə̀sra.ˈ qálya har-ʾay-ʾelíṯa bə̀sra hawé ṭrísa,ˈ qamàyeˈ dɛríwale ʾàw,ˈ qám ṱ-o-smòqa.ˈ y-oḏíwa pə́ške hátxa zòre,ˈ ʾó-t băyéwa qăràne.ˈ pə́ške y-oḏə̀xwa ʾáxni,ˈ ta-xàla.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa béʾe gàwe.ˈ bašlə́xwa šórba bìye.ˈ gu-pràxe dɛrə́xwa,ˈ gu-dòlma,ˈ dùxwa,ˈ mə́jja ʾáwwa dàwwe.ˈ lá măyə́xwa gùḏa,ˈ palṭə́xwala č̣ìta.ˈ yáʿni mə́šxa mpalṭə̀xwale.ˈ ʾan-dáwwe marəxṯə̀xwalaˈ gu-marə́gla gòṛa.ˈ raxṯíwa dàwweˈ šoqə́xwala qaṭpìwa.ˈ qaṭpíwa miyèy.ˈ míya y-áwɛ zalàle,ˈ míyət màsta.ˈ dɛrə́xwale kìsa,ˈ kísa gòṛa,ˈ xɛṭə́xwa xā̀ṣˈ qa-dàwwe.ˈ dɛrə́xwa dàwwe,ˈ xánči šoqə́xwale gu-margə̀lta.ˈ baʿdḗn talə́xwale b-ʾilàna.ˈ ʾítwa ʾilàna,ˈ mattə́xwa ʾamàna xóṯe ṭla-lá mbarə̀bzi,ˈ mbarə́bzi míyət dàwwe.ˈ páyəšwa qə̀šya.ˈ y-oḏə́xwala hátxa-qàška,ˈ máx kùbbe.ˈ ʾu-mattə̀xwale,ˈ lá šə̀mša,ˈ ṭə̀lla hátxa mattə̀xwale.ˈ barə́zwa ṭla-sə̀twa.ˈ sə́twa y-oḏə́xwa dùxwa.ˈ ʾi-mɛjə́xwale ʾamánət ʾùpra,ˈ m-Dɛrə̀gni.ˈ kút-xa hawéwale xà.ˈ y-awéwala ʾiṯàṯa,ˈ ʾu-dúkṯət ṣláya dàwwe.ˈ ʾi-mṣapə̀xwaleˈ y-oḏə̀xwale.ˈ sáṛe xašlə́xwala b-xašòlta.ˈ ʾu-mpartənə̀xwalaˈ ʾu-qašrə̀xwala.ˈ ʾi-mxallə̀xwale,ˈ dɛrə́xwale bə̀sra,ˈ dɛrə́xwa ʾelìṯa,ˈ dɛrə́xwa gɛ̀rme.ˈ gɛ́rme y-awɛ́wa brìze,ˈ mbùrze gɛ́rme.ˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa gu-dùxwa.ˈ ʾi-bašə́lwa y-awə́xwa tíwe mbarxòše,ˈ ʾúmma šə̀nne!ˈ šəlgə̀mme ʾé,ˈ šəlgə́mme dɛrə̀xwa,ˈ ʾína ʾáxni kúbba ʾàxxa ṯélən dráya.ˈ yáʿni gu-Mòṣul,ˈ ʾu-ʾàn-dukane,ˈ ʾina-ʾáxni gu-Bárwar là.ˈ gə̀rḏo y-oḏə́xwa.ˈ xùmṣa,ˈ bə́sra har-xašlə́xwale gu-rə̀zza.ˈ rə́zza y-awéwa ʾo-t-ṭḷàṯa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa ʾáwwəl dórta rə̀zza.ˈ ʾu-ṯáni dórta dòlma.ˈ ʾu-ṯáləṯ dòrta,ˈ ʾo-daqíqa … ʾərbàla,ˈ qəṣqə̀ṣta.ˈ marəkxə̀xwaleˈ ʾu-dɛrə́xwa bə́sra gàw,ˈ xašlə̀xwa.ˈ lá dɛrə́xwa gáwe kùbbe.ˈ ʾáxni ʾàxxa-x wáḏa hádəx,ˈ yáʿni gu-mḏìta,ˈ gu-Mòṣul,ˈ gu-Bàġdad.ˈ ʾína gắrəg kúlla bə̀sra hawéwa,ˈ ʾu-šaqlə́xwa hátxa kutə́lṯa gòṛta.ˈ gu-xúmṣa bašə̀lwa,ˈ gɛ̀rmeˈ ʾu-šəlgə̀mmeˈ ʾu-ʾatxa.ˈ ʾu-smóqe ʾi-mṣapə̀xwala.ˈ smóqe dɛrə́xwalɛ gu-mìye,ˈ marəṯə̀xwalɛ.ˈ y-áwe qə́ppo b-rèša,ˈ ʾáxni y-amràxxa.ˈ ʾi-mṣapə́xwala ʾap-ʾày,ˈ ʾu-dɛrə́xwala gu-rə̀zza,ˈ míyət smòqe.ˈ módi y-oḏíwa m-rə̀zza?ˈ m-rə́zza y-oḏə́xwa ya-xùmṣa,ˈ kùbbət rə́zza,ˈ y-oḏə̀xwala.ˈ y-amrə́xwala kúbbət šòrba.ˈ šórba dɛrə́xwa tamàtoˈ ʾu-máʿjūn gàwa.ˈ ʾína ʾáyyət xúmṣa har-xúmṣa háwe xwarnàya.ˈ yáʿni smóqa m-tamáto là dɛrə́xwa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa dòlma,ˈ y-oḏə́xwa gə̀rḏo,ˈ bušàla.ˈ ʾay-gə́rḏo ʾa-qšìṯa,ˈ ta-duxràne,ˈ ʾína bušála t-ʾoḏə́xwala ṭlàlən,ˈ xánči miyànta,ˈ la-ràba.ˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa mə̀šxa,ˈ ṭàxin,ˈ šíšme xšìle.ˈ nepúxta hè,ˈ m-ʾálpa ʾáxni lá raba-ʾi-mapəlxə̀xwala.ˈ ʾína hawèwalən.ˈ be-xáli y-oḏíwa Musàkka,ˈ ʾáni ʾə́nwe kóme ràba.ˈ ʾu-dòlma?ˈ ʾe-b-àlaha!ˈ kut-tré yomáṯa ṭḷàṯa.ˈ xéna ʾən-hawéwa bə̀sra,ˈ ʾən-háwəxwa príme ʾə̀rwe,ˈ dɛ̀rəxwa bə́sra.ˈ karáfəs là dɛrə́xwa kəslɛ́ni.ˈ là dɛrə́xwa.ˈ hadíya ʾi-dɛ̀rəx.ˈ bə́ṣla-w tùma,ˈ ʾu-rə̀zza,ˈ ʾu-ṭàrpe,ˈ ṭárpət dalìṯa,ˈ ṭárpət sə̀lqa,ˈ ṭárpət kalằme.ˈ bə́ṣla har-mawjū̀d-iwa.ˈ xá-reša tùma,ˈ hàtxa.ˈ y-óḏəxwa trè-ṭuxme.ˈ be-xàli,ˈ be-mámət yə̀mmiˈ là-băyiwale túma.ˈ ʾap-bə́ṣla la-bằyiwale.ˈ dɛ́rəxwa là y-amrəxwaléy.ˈ ʾína túma har-là-ʾaṯewa qurba-lléy.ˈ dáx y-oḏítuwa gùpta?ˈ xə́lya ʾi-mjămə́xwa ràba,ˈ ʾárba dàne.ˈ ʾi-mjămə́xwale gu-quṣàrta,ˈ ʾi-mṣapə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-máttəxwale màttəxwale,ˈ xáčči mšaxnə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-y-oḏíwa marɛ́ṯət gùpta.ˈ lɛ̀ḏən mən-módi.ˈ gəsəkyàṯa,ˈ băharā̀tˈ ʾu-dɛríwa xà-mdi xéna,ˈ fə́lfəl ʾàswad,ˈ qărànta,ˈ yaʿni là-xšilta.ˈ lá kulla-náše yắḏi ṱ-oḏìla.ˈ k̭ḕm baxtáṯa y-oḏíla.ˈ yə́mmi lípta m-yə́mma dìya,ˈ ʾašitnɛ̀ṯa-wawa.ˈ lá-barya ḏa-šéta t-páyəšwa bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ har-dána b-danà y-oḏíwalaˈ ta-xákma yomàne.ˈ báhər y-áwe xə́lya ràba,ˈ y-oḏíwa gùpta,ˈ ʾína b-qɛ́ṭa la-màṣiwaˈ sab-xànči y-áwe xə́lya.ˈ mšaxníle xànči,ˈ lá marəṯxìle.ˈ xánči mšaxnìleˈ ʾu-dɛ́rɛ marɛ̀ṯaˈ ʾu-mkàsɛleˈ ʾu-pɛ́šawa gùpta.ˈ dɛ́riwale l-kìstaˈ ʾu-mattìwa.ˈ ʾíṯwalən pàrše,ˈ trè,ˈ xa-xóṯa xa-rèša,ˈ ta-t-ṭăbəqàwa,ˈ pɛ́šawa gùpta.ˈ hàtxa rešăwáṯa,ˈ hàtxɛwa.ˈ ʾu-parmíwale b-šàpra.ˈ dɛrɛ́tuwa gáwa sə̀rke?ˈ làˈ béna sə́rke dɛ́rəxwa gu-jàjək.ˈ là.ˈ ʾàyˈ mattə́xwa xa-ṭàbăqaˈ yáʿni jàjəkˈ ʾu-xa gúpta b-rèšeˈ ʾu-dɛ́rəxwa sə̀rke.ˈ ʾáy y-oḏìwala,ˈ xoṭíwala b-ɛ̀-ga.ˈ sə̀rmo y-amrə́xxa.ˈ ṭamrə̀xwala gu-ʾúpra.ˈ ʾən-dɛrə̀xwa,ˈ dɛrə́xwa sə̀rmo gáwe.ˈ ʾən-băyə́xwa tùma,ˈ ṭla-mbašàlta,ˈ kèfən-ile.ˈ bắyəxwa mbašlə̀xwa,ˈ bắyəxwa là.ˈ gu-báhər kúl-məndi y-oḏə̀xwa mə́nna.ˈ mṭawə̀xwaˈ dɛrə́xwa rəš-masə̀xṯa.ˈ masə́xṯa mattə́xwala rəš-pàlle.ˈ y-oḏítuwa màsta?ˈ màstaˈ xə́lya mɛṯə̀xxe,ˈ marəṯxə̀xxe.ˈ qàyər xánči.ˈ dɛ́rəx xa-màsta gáwe,ˈ pɛ́ša màsta.ˈ ʾu-ʾey-màstaˈ pɛ́ša xamùṣta.ˈ ʾi-šoqə̀xlaˈ ʾu-mắyəx gúḏa bìya.ˈ dɛ́rəxwala ṭla-dàwweˈ mpalṭə́xwa mə̀šxa,ˈ ʾu-ham-dàwweˈ ʾu-hám ṭla-k̭àška,ˈ ṭla-mbašòle,ˈ ṭla-štàya,ˈ dàwweˈ ṭla-kùl-məndi.ˈ mràzgiˈ tmánya yománe y-áwəxwa páya lə̀xma.ˈ ʾu-mrazgíwa ʾilàna.ˈ ʾílànaˈ mɛṯíwa kúlla mə́ndit mèwa.ˈ maxíwa ʾilàna.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga lìṯwa kéka.ˈ y-asqíwa l-gàre,ˈ ʾɛ-dánə mɛṯíwala kʸàlo,ˈ napṣìwala.ˈ zonìwala,ˈ xálət xə̀tnɛle.ˈ zabə́nwa ʾilàna,ˈ b-ɛ́-ga náše xéne ʾi-zòni.ˈ mšàrki.ˈ ʾáxni zabnə̀xwala ʾilána.ˈ xlúla hàtxɛwa qamáye.ˈ xéna xlùlaˈ mrazgìwa,ˈ mparmíwa ʾə̀rwe,ˈ mbašlìwa,ˈ mbanìwa,ˈ maštíwa ʾằraq,ˈ xàmra,ˈ ʾu-kùlla-məndi.ˈ ṭúrši y-oḏə́xwa b-gànən.ˈ dɛ́rəxwa gu-lìne,ˈ líne gòṛe,ˈ linyàṯa,ˈ ʾánna-t mìya.ˈ dáx lwíštət kʸàlo?ˈ gə̀rwe,ˈ ṣàwle,ˈ júlle rìxe,ˈ júllə jərjḕt,ˈ ʾáyya fəstánə jərjḕt,ˈ ʾu-ʾáyya k̭appúrtə qăṭìfa,ˈ zárgəf kùllaˈ mnoqàšta,ˈ ʾu-pošìya,ˈ ʾu-xá-warda ṱ-átxa maxíwa gu-pošíya dìya,ˈ kămằra-wˈ ʾáyya gərdằna.ˈ qamáye mxamòle,ˈ yáʿni mxámli qa-xlùla,ˈ dɛ́ri tìta,ˈ dɛ́ri kămằra,ˈ dɛ́ri xalaqyàṯa,ˈ dɛ́ri ʾáwwa ṭṑq,ˈ yə̀mmi ʾítwala,ˈ kúlla m-d-ánnə sèma.ˈ šəbbəryàṯa,ˈ séma kùlla-məndi.ˈ ʾisə́qṯə sèma,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga líṯwa ḥằlăqa,ˈ qamàye.ˈ bas-ʾisə̀qṯa y-oḏíwa,ˈ sèma.ˈ b-ɛ́-ga malušíwala ʿàdi,ˈ dɛríwa xə̀ppo,ˈ pošìya,ˈ dáx t-rɛmawa-ày,ˈ pošíya ʾu-xə́ppo b-rèšaˈ ṯlaṯà yománeˈ ʾáp-xa là mgaléwala.ˈ lá baryáwa makšùfaˈ kʸàlo.ˈ lázəm hoyáwa xə́ppo b-rèša,ˈ max-šála raqìqa,ˈ la-xlìma.ˈ dáx lwíštət xə̀tna?ˈ lwíštət xə́tna júlle ṭiyariyàna,ˈ ṣùdraˈ lawandíye mnùqše,ˈ ʾu-šā̀l,ˈ ʾu-xánjər dàwa,ˈ ʾo-t-ʾìtwale xánjər dáwa.ˈ ʾáxni ʾìtwalən.ˈ là kulla-dúnye.ˈ kúlla náše lítwaley dàwa.ˈ là ṭalbíwala.ˈ ʾáxni kíslən lɛ̀la ṭlíbe,ˈ ʾáxni ʾìṯwalən.ˈ ʾìnaˈ dɛríwa topàṯaˈ ʾánnə mɛṯíwala kʸàloˈ ʾánnə xɛpíwale xə́tna dɛríwa topàṯa.ˈ ʾən-kʸálo m-gu-màṯa,ˈ čɛrxìwala máṯaˈ xáṣə dawɛ̀re.ˈ y-amríwa čáppe bùkela.ˈ ʾay-ṱ-aṯyàwa,ˈ ṱ-oràwa,ˈ maxyáwa … mə̀šxaˈ ʾu-ṱ-oḏáwa ṣlìwa,ˈ mə̀šxa,ˈ gu-tắrət qàṣra.ˈ dánə ṱ-oràwa,ˈ lá qablíwala xá-mdi gu-tằra,ˈ lá qabláwa ṱ-oráwa kʸàlo.ˈ yaʿni dàwa,ˈ xa-mə̀ndi.ˈ xmáṯa ṱ-amràwa:ˈ quṣàrta.ˈ kʸálo là qabláwa,ˈ béna y-amráwa ʾána là bắyən quṣárta.ˈ bènaˈ xaṯwáṯət kʸàlo,ˈ marwáṯa dìyaˈ y-amríwa là.ˈ bắyəx xá-məndi gu-tằra qablítula.ˈ ʾána míra-wewa ʾo-níxət xəmyàniˈ lá ʾoḏítu kămằra,ˈ čàkke,ˈ ʾàna zonə́nna.ˈ ʾána qablə́nna gu-tắra kămằra.ˈ múṯyəllele ʾɛ-dàna,ˈ ʾíṯwa b-xáṣi kămằra,ˈ ʾo-t-yə̀mmi.ˈ ʾə̀ṯyɛleˈ múṯyəlle ʾo-kămằra,ˈ mə́xyəlle b-xàṣiˈ mə́re ʾáwwa hadìya də-ʾùr.ˈ xlúla basìmaˈ y-awéwa gu-bàte,ˈ báte gòṛe,ˈ ʾu-rqáḏa-w zmàra.ˈ ʾáy gu-màrge y-amrə́xwala.ˈ ṭḷaṯá yománe xlùla y-awéwa.ˈ be-xə̀tna xlúla,ˈ la t-kʸàlo.ˈ yomə-šawwàˈ y-azíwa be-bába dìya,ˈ kʸàlo.ˈ kə́mət bằyiwa,ˈ čɛdíwa nablíwa be-bàba.ˈ mắṯălan ʾo-čída flàn.ˈ yan-ʾay-mánṭăqa diyɛ́ni kùllaˈ čɛdə̀tla,ˈ ʾo-t-bắye ʾàzəl,ˈ ʾo-t-bắye là.ˈ ʾáwwa dànaˈ bábi parə̀mwa.ˈ prim-ʾə̀rwe.ˈ ʾu-mbošə̀lla-wˈ wídla xùmṣa,ˈ wídla rə́zza-w šòrba.ˈ xə́tna lè-y-axəlˈ ʾə́lla qablíle xà-məndi.ˈ díya bìš-ila maṯóyəlla,ˈ bìš-ila hawə́lla,ˈ díya ʾə́lla xá-mdi dàwa bắyi,ˈ ya-ṣlìwa,ˈ ya-šəbbə̀rṯa,ˈ ʾisə́qṯa mən-d-án yaqùre,ˈ m-an-tàze.ˈ dáx y-oyáwa lwíštət kùt-yom?ˈ lwíštət kùt-yom,ˈ ta-baxtàṯa,ˈ ʿàdi,ˈ ṣudràṯa-wˈ jăketàṯa-wˈ yubqàṯa,ˈ yubqáṯa b-áyya xàrṯaˈ yaʿni mən-ʾámri là,ˈ lìṯwa yubqáṯa.ˈ ṣáwle ʾìṯwa,ˈ bắyi ramàneˈ bắyi kopàne,ˈ kèfəx.ˈ ʾay-yalə̀xta,ˈ k̭unnə̀kṯa,ˈ ʾay-šàlla,ˈ y-asṛíwala hátxa gòṛeˈ y-áwa xlìme.ˈ kúlla baxtàṯa,ˈ m-bar d-ɛ̀-gaˈ y-amrə́xwala k̭unnəkyáṯə sàntən,ˈ ʾánna smoqnàyeˈ xánči komnàye,ˈ qahwàye.ˈ hátxa y-asṛìwa baxtáṯa,ˈ ḥátta lá-hawɛwa sark̭òle.ˈ ʾɛ̀bɛle,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga lìṯwaˈ sark̭òlaˈ ʾàxniˈ kə̀slən,ˈ yáʿni kùlla Bárwər.ˈ yáʿni kùlla náše,ˈ ḥátta ʾašitnàye,ˈ ḥátta ṭiyaràye.ˈ ʾína bráta la-baryáwa ṱ-oyàwaˈ sark̭òle.ˈ ʾáxni zoníwalən kăfiyyā̀t,ˈ yaləxyàṯa,ˈ milàne,ˈ smòqe,ˈ zằre.ˈ kúlla ʾalwā̀n ʾíṯwa.ˈ y-asṛə̀xwala.ˈ lá y-ṣalə́xwa ḥátta ʾùmraˈ xṭìṯɛwa ṣáləxwa sark̭óle.ˈ láxxa kúlla sark̭óle ṯáya ʾùmra,ˈ dax-bàrya?ˈ xṭìṯa!ˈ xɛṭítuwa lwíšta b-gʸanɛ̀xu?ˈ b-ìḏən xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ ṣúdra yan-kasrā̀tˈ diyòpe y-amrə́xwala,ˈ klṑš,ˈ lá băyáwala rába xyàṭṭa.ˈ y-awéwa wásta bra-qḏàla,ˈ brɛṯáṯe rìxeˈ y-oḏə̀xwala.ˈ ʾi-xaṭə̀xwa.ˈ ʾu-ʾíṯwa ṱ-iwɛ́wa ṣə́lye ḥabbanìyya,ˈ yáʿni b-ay-dána lànwa wíṯa,ˈ múṯye măkàyən,ˈ măkínət ʾìḏa,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga líṯwa bə̀rqa.ˈ kúlla qŭmašā́t ʾɛ́-ga bíš-wɛwa rešàye.ˈ kúlla ḥărìr,ˈ sàntəmˈ ʾu-brèsəm.ˈ zaqrìtuwa?ˈ zqára ʾi-zaqrə́xwa ʾàxni,ˈ hè.ˈ zaqrə́xwa bluzā̀t,ˈ zaqrə́xwa gə̀rwe.ˈ b-gànən zaqrə́xwa,ˈ ʾu-mdi băyə̀xwaˈ zaqrə́xwa ʾàxni.ˈ y-azlə́xwa kùša.ˈ ṣūf ʾàṣli,ˈ y-oḏə́xwale guttàṯa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa ṭḷáṯa táqe naqìḏe lázəm.ˈ zaqrə́xwa gə̀rwe,ˈ zaqrə́xwa bluzā̀t,ˈ zaqrə́xwa jaketàṯa,ˈ zaqrə́xwa brɛṯàṯa.ˈ zaqrə́xwa kùl-məndi.ˈ šàqe ta-gúṛe.ˈ y-awéwa rába tàlga.ˈ ʾi-lošíwala gùṛeˈ y-azìwa,ˈ ta-t-lá măríwa ʾaqlaṯèy.ˈ zaqrə́xwa ta-bàbi,ˈ ta-xòni.ˈ xanúṯa huḏàye ʾíṯwalaˈ ʾu-gerəsnàye.ˈ y-oḏíwa jùlle,ˈ yáʿni ṭiyariyàna.ˈ zaqríwa parzùne,ˈ čanàṯa.ˈ dáx y-oḏítuwa ʾàmṛa?ˈ ʾàmṛaˈ napšə̀xwale.ˈ ʾíṯwa masə̀rqa.ˈ ʾíṯwa masə̀rqa,ˈ ʾíwa bíye xmaṭáṯa ràbe.ˈ napšə̀xwale,ˈ sarqə́xwale hátxa tàza.ˈ qamáye ʾo-rešáya šaqlə̀xwaleˈ ta-jùlle.ˈ ʾo-xèna,ˈ y-amrə́xxa bərgàwa,ˈ ʾo-t biš-daqìqa.ˈ ʾáw y-oḏə̀xwaˈ y-azlə́xwa ta-gə̀rwe,ˈ ṭla-bluzā̀t,ˈ ṭla-brɛṯàṯa,ˈ ṭla-šàqe.ˈ kosìṯa,ˈ har-ʾàmṛa-wewa,ˈ gamríwa gmàra.ˈ ʾaw-lə́va t-pàṛe.ˈ ʾáw y-oḏíwa kosyàṯa.ˈ ʾáxni ʾìtlɛni júlle ṭiyariyàna.ˈ ʾi-zaqrə́xwa šàle.ˈ ʾašitnàyeˈ qəm-mpalṭíla ʾáwwa šálət qḏàla,ˈ hàšya,ˈ ʾána hon-zqìrta mə́nne.ˈ ʾáni zaqrə́xwa táma bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ kúlla b-ʾìḏən zaqrə́xwa,ˈ b-ʾìḏən.ˈ bɛṯăwáṯa gu-ʾƐ̄n-Núne dàx-wɛwa?ˈ bɛṯăwàṯa,ˈ ʾíṯwa qàṣre,ˈ ʾíṯwa báte ʾatìqe.ˈ ʾáxni bɛ́ṯət be-bábi ʾatìqa-wewa.ˈ ʾína ramánɛwa biš-mən-qáṣrət kùl-naše.ˈ trè ṭăbáqe-wewa.ˈ báte gòṛe,ˈ y-oḏíwa ʾotáxe max-d-àyya,ˈ biš-pṯìṯa.ˈ ʾotáxe gòṛe hawéwa.ˈ ʾáyya mánzəl tàwɛla,ˈ har-tàwɛla,ˈ ʾap-ʾàxni,ˈ ʾáp gu-ʾƐ̄n-Nùne.ˈ ʾíṯwa qáṣre ràbe,ˈ ʾə́šta šàwwa manzàle,ˈ tmanyà manzále,ˈ ʾo-ṱ-ile-bə̀nya,ˈ pàlgət máṯa,ˈ xámka bə̀nyaˈ ʾu-xámka là.ˈ qàṣra,ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa gu-Lèvi,ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa gu-răwàtəb,ˈ ʾìtwaley,ˈ mšadríwa zùze-wˈ banìwa báte.ˈ gu-bɛ̀ṯa,ˈ xóṯa gomăwàṯa.ˈ gòma,ˈ t-haywàne.ˈ ʾína ʾáw tắra lá tắra mə́nne-mənnət tắrət nàše,ˈ m-àwwa bára.ˈ mắṯălan ʾáwwa tằrən-ile,ˈ yáʾha gòtaˈ hátxa ʾàxxaˈ wằdər.ˈ ʾə̀rwe,ˈ gə̀ḏye,ˈ ʾáni kút-xa b-ḏa-dùka.ˈ ʾu-ʾo-t-la-bắyewala xo-bàte,ˈ bắyewala báte xtàye,ˈ ʾaw-y-awə̀ḏwa góma,ˈ ʾăráṯa pə̀ryewa.ˈ ʾazìwaˈ mattíwa xa-gómət tre-ʾotàxe,ˈ ṭìna,ˈ ʾoḏíwale gòmaˈ ta-ḥaywàne.ˈ ʾo-t-maṣèwaˈ ʾítwale ʾə́rwe ràbe.ˈ báhər y-awéwa dùna.ˈ dúna qam-tắra hátxa gḏìla,ˈ qɛ̀se,ˈ ṭàrpa.ˈ báhər y-áwe xə̀mma.ˈ har-ṯéwala mə̀ṭra,ˈ xošíwala gu-gòma.ˈ ʾíṯwa xáṣət gómət ʾə̀rwe,ˈ ʾu-t-xáṣət tàwreˈ ʾu-t-pàṛeˈ xòḏey.ˈ ʾə́rwe b-xoḏèy,ˈ ʾína tawráṯa ʾu-táwre ʾáni kút-xa b-xòḏey.ˈ ʾə́rwe năwazìk-ila.ˈ maxéla táwra ʾu-qaṭə̀lla.ˈ kút-xa bɛ́ṯa xòḏey-wa.ˈ hàtxa y-oḏə́xwa.ˈ dɛríwa gə̀lla,ˈ dɛríwa ṭàrpa.ˈ kut-dána ʾítwaley danàne.ˈ yáʿni sáʾət ʾàrbaˈ ʾáy xa-ramšət ḥaywànela.ˈ ʾáxni bɛṯɛ̀niˈ har-ṭìna-wɛwa.ˈ bas le-y-mabyə̀nwaˈ képe ʾu-ṭíne dɛríwa max-d-ánna gudàne.ˈ mattíwa kèpe,ˈ kúlla hàzər.ˈ lə́bne la-bàrya,ˈ lax-gu-dàšta.ˈ mattíwa panjariyàṯa.ˈ damxə́xwa b-gáre b-qɛ̀ṭa.ˈ b-qɛ̀ṭa,ˈ qam-qăṭíwa məṭráṯaˈ xá-gaya y-asqə̀xwa,ˈ ʾaryàwa dúnye,ˈ xá-gaya là.ˈ … məstìke,ˈ kút-xa-w táxte dìye,ˈ táxtət qɛ̀sa.ˈ kút-xa ʾi-maxə́xwa qɛ̀seˈ táləxwa mə́stik bìya.ˈ xɛ́ṭəxwa məstíke ʾàxni,ˈ b-ìḏən xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ b-mašìna xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ ʾítwala mašína t-wɛ́wa ràbe.ˈ mən-sə́twa y-awə́xwa bə̀dyeˈ hal-héwən-t gàre.ˈ la-kùššət.ˈ kút kəma-šə̀nne.ˈ načlíwa qăṭìwa,ˈ xɛ́ṭəxwa m-bădalèy.ˈ b-sə́twa xɛ́ṭəxwa ta-qɛ̀ṭa.ˈ dáx y-asqítuwa l-gàre?ˈ semàlta.ˈ semàlta,ˈ ʾo-t-ʾítwale xàlqe,ˈ b-xálqe hátxa naqìḏe.ˈ ʾo-t-ʾítwale ʾáyya dàpeˈ max-xa-dăràje,ˈ ʾáni xálqe pə́ṯye max-xa-dăràyəj.ˈ qaplɛ̀ni mattə́xwa l-gáre.ˈ dăráje t-kèpɛla,ˈ ʾína semàltaˈ ʾáyya t-qɛ̀se,ˈ max-d-ánna ṱ-ásqi ʾăbu-bə̀rqa.ˈ ʾáxni hàtxɛwa semáltən ʾap-ʾáxni.ˈ mən-ʾɛ́ka šaqlítuwa mìya?ˈ mìyaˈ ʾítlən ʾɛnàṯa ʾáxni.ˈ ʾɛ́na y-amrə́xxa ʾɛ́nət K̭ùtto.ˈ ʾay-m-ày gotət-máṯɛla.ˈ ʾítlən ʾɛ́nət ʾùmra.ˈ ʾay-čú-ga lá-qɛ́ṭa-w lá-sətwa bárzi míya dìya.ˈ trè ʾɛnáṯa ʾítlən.ˈ ʾáyya y-amrə́xwa t-šə́ttət tàxelaˈ ʾáyya t-réšət máṯa dìyən-ila.ˈ dáx mɛṯítuwa mìya?ˈ ʾamàne,ˈ tannə̀kke,ˈ ʾánnət nùṭa,ˈ ʾaw-púmma zòra,ˈ tannə̀kka.ˈ ʾáwwa sar-mòr.ˈ núṭa sar-mòr.ˈ msarqə̀xwala-wˈ dɛrə́xwa qə̀ṭmaˈ mxallə́xwala tàza.ˈ mattə́xwa qam-šə́mša xa-tmánya yomàne.ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa ʿáyəla rábe la-ṃaḷíwa míyə zawriyàṯa,ˈ kawàze,ˈ qăriyàṯa.ˈ ʾína kut-béna béna ʾáxni y-azə́xwa mɛṯə́xwa mìya.ˈ lé-y-pɛšəxwa mbádla hal-ʾaṣə̀rta la-mɛ́ṯəx,ˈ là.ˈ kut-béna ḏá-mənnən y-azáwa y-arqáwa l-ʾɛ̀naˈ maṯyáwa míya qarìre.ˈ hàtxɛwa.ˈ lìṯwa ṯallàja qamáye.ˈ díya kúl-məndi ʾíṯwa hàḏ̣ər,ˈ ḥănăfíye gu-bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ səttinā̀t-wawaˈ wíye sìqe l-ḥănăfiyā́t.ˈ šə́ttət ʾə̀štiˈ síqa ḥănăfiyā́t ʾu-bə́rqa-w kùl-məndi.ˈ ʾɛ́ka náše xɛpìwa?ˈ xɛpíwa kút-xa gu-bustàne díye.ˈ y-áwəḏwale ḥàmmam.ˈ gaḏə́lwala hàtxaˈ gadlíwala qamáye b-səryòqe,ˈ ṭàrpa-wˈ ʾu-baʿdḗn dɛríwala šišmànta.ˈ bás šoqíwa dúkṯət páləṭwa tə̀nna.ˈ míya m-šaqìṯa,ˈ ʾíṯwa šaqíṯa ràsən.ˈ marəxṯə̀xwaˈ mɛṯə́xwa mattə́xwa qɛ̀se,ˈ marə́gla gòṛa hátxaˈ yaddā̀t.ˈ mattə́xwale rəš-kanùnaˈ hàl ʾo-xaráya.ˈ míya hàr-hola šxána.ˈ míya šaqlə́xwa m-šaqíṯa dɛrə́xwa gu-marə̀gla.ˈ ʾáp-ʾaxni díya ʾáxxa m-ànila ḥammamɛ́ni.ˈ ṣábun ràggʸeˈ ʾu-ʾùpra.ˈ ʾa-t-wáwa máre káwsa là ṣaléwa ṣábun,ˈ ʾína dɛríwa ʾùpre.ˈ ʾíṯwa xa-ʾùpra,ˈ məšxàna,ˈ ʾúpra smòqa.ˈ ṣalə̀xwaˈ ʾu-kut-šéta xa-gáya y-oḏə́xwa mən-d-o-ʾùpra.ˈ palṭa-bàhərˈ y-oḏə́xwa ʾùpraˈ mattə́xwale tămàha.ˈ ʾa-t-la-ṣaléwa kawsa-díya y-awéwa rába xɛlàna-wˈ xlìma,ˈ dɛríwa ʾúpra xazə́twa xrrr maṣlɛ̀wale,ˈ sarqíwale gu-mìya.ˈ ʾu-jùlle, dáx masìtuwa?ˈ b-ìḏən,ˈ b-ṭàšteˈ har-táma gu-ḥàmmam.ˈ gu-ḥammàmeˈ šlìplaˈ ʾánna kúlla xìplaˈ ʾan-zòre-w ʾan-ràbe-wˈ y-ázi pɛ́ši tə̀rte gu-néra.ˈ ʾána masyànwaˈ ʾu-xáṯi mparpyàwa.ˈ ʾu-šaṭxə̀xwala.ˈ ʾáp-ʾaxni xɛpə́xwa ʾu-y-azə́xwa bɛ̀ṯaˈ gu-ʾaqàra.ˈ ʾína díya píša ḥammămáṯa gu-bàte.ˈ lé-y-aziwa ʾaqàra.ˈ gu-sə̀twaˈ dáx mšaxnítuwa bɛṯăwàṯa?ˈ ṣópət qɛ̀se.ˈ kúlla qɛ̀seˈ y-azíwa mɛṯɛ́la b-qɛ́ṭa qɛ́se qa-sə̀twa.ˈ mɛṯíwa səryòqe,ˈ ṭárpa qăṭíwa y-azìwa.ˈ mɛṯíwa ʾan-qɛ́se naqìḏe.ˈ kúlla torə̀xwala.ˈ ʾáxni la-morə́xwa xa-səryóqa gu-bɛ́ṯa ʾən-lá torə̀xwale.ˈ torə́xwala kúlla baràye.ˈ ʾu-masqə́xwa mattə̀xwalaˈ l-ḏà-gota,ˈ ṭàrma,ˈ ʾu-kú-bena morə̀xwa,ˈ málhəxwa ṣòp̂a.ˈ qɛ́se góṛe lè-y-lăyi ràsən.ˈ mattə́xwa mən-d-áni zóre mənnèyˈ ʾu-lăyíwa táma hal-ʾaṣə̀rta.ˈ mattə́twa xa-tre-qɛ́se xéne xlìmeˈ ʾu-lắye b-gàne.ˈ ʾɛ́ka y-awéwa ṣòp̂a?ˈ ṣóp̂a gu-ʾòtəx.ˈ bé-palgət ʾótəx mattə̀xwalaˈ ʾu-ʾíṯwa ʾáyya gùngeˈ max-băwàri,ˈ gúnge palṭíwa rəš-gàre.ˈ tə̀nna? tə̀nna,ˈ y-asə̀qwa tə́nna.ˈ là y-awéwa gu-bɛ́ṯa.ˈ gùngeˈ mattə́xwala xa-b-rəš-d-o-xèna,ˈ páləṭwa l-gàre.ˈ xáčča y-oḏə́xwala ramàna.ˈ y-azə́lwa tə̀nna.ˈ ʾap-l-gáre là hawéwa tə́nna.ˈ napṣə́xwala kút xamšássər yomàneˈ ʾan-gúnge šaqlə̀xwala-wˈ ṭaqṭaq l-ʾằra.ˈ gàre?ˈ mandrìwa,ˈ dɛríwa tùna,ˈ mandrìwale.ˈ ta-t-là ṣaléwa dalòpa.ˈ mandórta gòṛta,ˈ ʾáp-xa là-mṣe taqə́lla.ˈ kəma-gúṛe hal-ɛ́-gə masqíwala l-gàre.ˈ šəmmánət ʾamàne.ˈ šəmmánət ʾamàne?ˈ ʾay ṱ-amrə́xxa zawə̀rta.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa màrkən.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa kawàza.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa qărèṯa.ˈ qăriyáṯa y-áwi hàtxa.ˈ ʾanna t-mìya.ˈ béna ʾíṯ linyàṯa,ˈ lìne,ˈ linyáṯa ʾan-t-íla ʾàxḏ̣ar.ˈ dɛ́riwa mə̀šxa gáwe.ˈ y-amríwa ʾáw bíš la-mzànzərˈ yáwəl ṭéma pàyəšwa.ˈ ʾíṯwa ràbeˈ páyəšwa trè-šənne mə́šxa.ˈ ʾíṯwa ḏà-šeta.ˈ dɛ́riwala gu-d-an-lìne.ˈ búrra t-xmìra.ˈ mɛṯíwa m-Dɛrə̀gni.ˈ zonə́xwa kút-xa xà.ˈ kút-xa xa-ʾìtwale.ˈ quṣrìyaˈ ta-yále zóre dámxi gu-dargùšta,ˈ dudìya.ˈ lé-y-jɛriwa l-ganèyˈ ṣalíwa gu-d-àw.ˈ šaqlə́xwale mxallə́xwale mʿăqəmə̀xwale-wˈ mattə̀xwale xá-ga xéta.ˈ bəllòrta ʾítla.ˈ mattə́xla qa-yála zòra,ˈ mattə́xxa wàṣla,ˈ xa-wáṣla rakìxa.ˈ mattə̀xlaˈ ʾu-ʾàw,ˈ har-ṣále jórte dìye-wˈ šə́xte díye ṣále gu-d-àw,ˈ gu-quṣrìya.ˈ ʾáp-xa la-xazèla,ˈ ʾa-dánə ṱ-áwe ṭlìya yálaˈ ʾu-qàyəmˈ šaqlə̀xla,ˈ mtăməzə̀xla.ˈ ʾíṯwa ṭaṭìya.ˈ ṭaṭíyət ʾàmṛa.ˈ kút-xa ʾárba xàmšaˈ y-awə́ḏwale ʾàmṛa.ˈ gamríwale ʾámṛət ʾə́rwət bằhər.ˈ ʾíṯwa náše xāṣ-d-áwwa šùla.ˈ xaliyàṯa,ˈ qădī́m qădī́m lìṯwa xaliyàṯa.ˈ ṭaṭíye y-oḏə́xwa gòṛe.ˈ y-oḏíwala baròre.ˈ ʾáwwa ṣū́f mpatlìleˈ rábe gúṛe y-awḏìwala.ˈ y-oḏíwa nə̀qše gáwaˈ t-ʾámṛa kòma,ˈ mṯallăṯā̀t,ˈ y-oḏíwale ṣlìwe,ˈ y-oḏíwale wàrde.ˈ mšawə̀xwala.ˈ ʾɛ́ka y-atwíwa nàše? y-atwíwa l-ʾằra,ˈ ʾu-dormadā́r kúlla berəšyàṯa.ˈ berəšyáṯa mattə̀xwa.ˈ bár ṯéle ʾáwwa záwna xaràya,ˈ síqla najjàreˈ mən-ʾAmedìya,ˈ mən-Mòṣul,ˈ kút-xa mtorə́ṣle ta-gàne.ˈ ʾítla qɛ́sət gàwzaˈ manpəlíle qɛ́sət gáwza ʾəššètaˈ ta-bazzúne ṱ-oḏíwa qănăpā̀t.ˈ b-ìḏa,ˈ qănapā̀t,ˈ mezăwā̀t,ˈ ṭabliyā̀t,ˈ dăwalī̀b,ˈ kùl-məndi wíḏe.ˈ qădī́m qădī́m har-ṭaṭíye mšawíwala-w ʾàtwi.ˈ berəšyáṯə ṣū́f y-oḏìwaˈ mattíwa dormadā́r náše ganìwa.ˈ b-lɛ́le mən-ʾɛ́kɛle pùrya?ˈ làmpe,ˈ fanùse.ˈ qamáye šràya.ˈ qamáye šráye dɛrìwa,ˈ dɛríwa ʾáyya ṭàxin,ˈ mà y-amrə́xla?ˈ gàwza?ˈ lá ʾa-t-gàwza mpalṭíwa ṭla-ʾèta,ˈ ṭla-ʾùmra.ˈ ʾána b-gáni là-taxrən m-áy.ˈ bas-yə́mmi mtanyáwa y-amràwaˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa y-oḏə́xwa nahìra,ˈ ṭàxin,ˈ ʾa-t-šìšme,ˈ ʾa-t-kù-məndi hawéwa.ˈ dɛríwa gu-šráya xá-məndi hátxa zòra.ˈ ʾína rába ʾi-pɛšàwa.ˈ ṭarníwala hátxa ṭrànaˈ mattìwala.ˈ ʾu-talíwala zaqrìwa,ˈ xɛṭìwa,ˈ ʾamədyàna.ˈ bar-šráye ṯéla làmpe,ˈ lámpət gùda,ˈ fanū̀sˈ y-ámri ʾarabàyeˈ ʾáxni y-amrə́xwala lámpət gúda ʾaw-lámpət ʾìḏa.ˈ ʾíṯən ʾan-zòre.ˈ ʾi-zonə̀xwaˈ ʾárba xàmšaˈ kút-xa ʾìtwale.ˈ ṣalíwa gu-ʾə̀rweˈ ṣalíwa tawráṯa ḏàla.ˈ kút-xa y-awéwale xà.ˈ ʾáxni tre-ṭḷàṯa.ˈ máttəxwala baráye gu-ṭàrma.ˈ tre-ṭḷáṯa gu-bɛ́ṯa ʾu-ʾánna tə̀lye.ˈ tàli,ˈ zaqrə́xwa hàšye,ˈ laqṭə̀xwa.ˈ nùṭa dɛrə́xwa.ˈ kút-yum ʾaṣə̀rta,ˈ sáʾət ʾàrba.ˈ kúlla-lampən y-awɛ́wa knìše,ˈ ʾu-mrùzgeˈ ʾu-mùtte,ˈ wíḏe ta-malhə̀xwala.ˈ ʾítwalən ṭàrmaˈ y-óḏəxwa kanùna.ˈ kanúna y-oḏə́xwale hàtxa,ˈ xa-kepa ʾàxxa,ˈ xa-képa xéna ʾàxxa,ˈ ʾàxxa-wˈ mattə́xwa qɛ̀sa-wˈ máttəxwa tannə̀kka.ˈ bắzəxwa tannə̀kka.ˈ tannə́kka t-nùṭa lɛ́la?ˈ mṭăbəqə̀xwalaˈ băzíwale yalùnke.ˈ ʾu-mattə́xwa quṣxàne b-réše.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa nùra,ˈ ʾáwwəl ma-t-ràxəṯ,ˈ garšə́xla qɛ̀se,ˈ pɛ́šiwa pàlle,ˈ hédi hédi bašə́lwa ʾixàla.ˈ y-apə́xwa lə́xma ràqqe,ˈ y-apə́xwa zeḏáye gu-tanùra.ˈ ṭḷáṯa ʾarbà-ṭuxmə lə́xma y-apə́xwa.ˈ y-apə́xwa qəllòra.ˈ xəṭṭe-romàye,ˈ ʾáni maṣlə́xwa ʾə̀rxe,ˈ ṭaxnə̀xwala.ˈ là kúlla náše.ˈ bas-ʾàxni,ˈ ʾo-t-băyèwa.ˈ ṣalə̀xwa,ˈ maṣlə́xwa ʾan-xə́ṭṭe romàye.ˈ ṭaxníwa y-oḏíwa qámxa daqìqa y-awéwa.ˈ ʾu-lɛšə̀xwale,ˈ dɛrə́xwa xmìra gáweˈ ʾu-y-àpəxwale.ˈ y-ápəxwa ta-xlìma y-awéwa,ˈ ta-dábšəx b-tanùra.ˈ xánči qámxa m-àxxa,ˈ xánči m-àxxa,ˈ y-apə̀xwala.ˈ ʾaw-rába basìma y-áwe he-b-àlaha.ˈ qəllòra,ˈ y-amrə́xxe qəllòra.ˈ zeḏáye ləxmət xə̀ṭṭele.ˈ … pràgeˈ práge daqìqe,ˈ ʾáxxa hon-xzíṯa práge dɛ́ri ta-ṭɛ̀re.ˈ lə́xmət sàṛe.ˈ ʾarbà-ṭuxme y-apə́xwa ʾáxni.ˈ ʾìtwalən xə́ṭṭe.ˈ náše mšahɛ́wa šăhìya.ˈ y-azə́lwa lə̀bbənˈ y-oḏə̀xwa,ˈ ṭaxnə́xwa xànči,ˈ hàtxa.ˈ y-ápəxwale xámka yomàne.ˈ ʾaw-kúlla b-tanùra.ˈ lɛ́le gu-bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ mắṯălan ʾáyya màṯən,ˈ ʾáxni gòṛtɛla máṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nùne,ˈ ʾítwalən yapyanyàṯaˈ tré baxtàṯa,ˈ xa-m-ày-gota,ˈ xa-m-ày-gota.ˈ kút-xa-w ʾax-t-̭ámrənwa ʾána ʿăšíra dìya.ˈ ʾítwalən ʾáxni xálti Širìneˈ ʾu-ʾámti Xàmmeˈ y-apíwa lə̀xma.ˈ lɛšíwale baxtàṯaˈ ʾu-nablíwale mattíwale rəš-tanùra.ˈ kut-xămèwaˈ y-apyàwale.ˈ ʾáp-ʾayya xéta xálti Širìne.ˈ tre-tanúre ʾíṯwa gu-màṯa.ˈ qamáye tre-tanùre.ˈ díya kút-bɛṯa ʾítle xa-tanùra.ˈ hadíya lìṯwa yapyanyàṯa.ˈ píšla máṯa ràbṯa.ˈ dukáne ʾìṯwa,ˈ bas-qímla kút-xa bnáya tanúra ta-gàne.ˈ mapəlxítuwa màrzaq?ˈ ṭə̀lme,ˈ lawàše.ˈ ʾáxni gamrə̀xwaˈ ʾu-ʾay-mṭapyàwa.ˈ ʾáni b-tanùre y-apə́xwala,ˈ biš-basìme y-áwa.ˈ ʾɛ́-gə ṱ-awéwa mắṯălan báwṯə Ninwàyeˈ y-apə́xwa làzəm háwɛ ṭə́lme.ˈ b-tanúra kùllən y-apə́xwa.ˈ ṭə́lme mattə́xxa ʾárba xámša gràma-wˈ màrzəq.ˈ gòṛe y-awéwa.ˈ zeḏáye là,ˈ b-ʾìḏən.ˈ čámče y-oḏíwa t-qɛ̀sa.ˈ ʾo-níxət bábi y-awə́ḏwa baxošyàṯa.ˈ ʾína čangále lìtwa.ˈ čangále lìtwa,ˈ le-y-áxləx b-čàngəl.ˈ ʾáxni le-y-áxləx b-skinyáṯa čangàle.ˈ badòde.ˈ baxšə́xwa nùra.ˈ gàzzaˈ šaqlə́xwa lə́xma bìyeˈ gu-tanùra.ˈ módi mxallə̀xwala?ˈ marəxṯə́xwa qə̀ṭma,ˈ y-awéwa hámmaše qə́ṭmət bə̀ṭme.ˈ ʾánna čámče ʾíṯ xáṣət ʾilánta d-ánna čàmče.ˈ qɛ́sət màlka y-amrə́xle.ˈ gu-kúlla Bɛ̀rwərˈ ṭḷàṯa dukáne ʾíṯ.ˈ y-asə́qwa bábi mbádla hal-b-lɛ́le mɛṯéwa xa-qə́ṭṭət qɛ̀sa.ˈ y-atúwa wáḏa čàmče.ˈ ʾítwale xàpro,ˈ ʾítwale xaṣìna.ˈ kùlla məndiyáne y-awə́ḏwa.ˈ y-awə́ḏwala šṭràne,ˈ kúlla máṯa bàbi y-awə́ḏwala čamčéy.ˈ	Tail fat came from a sheep. We would slaughter the sheep, white, white small cattle. We would slaughter it, then we would fry the tail fat and put it in everything, in _dolma_ (stuffed vine leaves), meat. We would make fried meat. We would put rice in this fried meat. The meat was very fatty. We would cook tail fat and rice, which was called _qawurma._ On the second day of the festival (of Easter) we would make a memorial. Everybody would take down a pan of _gərðo_ or, those who wanted, chickens on rice and, those who wanted, _qawurma_. (This was) on the day of the _gayasa_ ceremony, after the Easter festival. People would go around (making) festival blessings and would go and hold a ceremony for the dead in the cemetery—may (death) be far from these places! Everybody would perform the ceremony. Priests, deacons would go to the graves. It was not like now. They were in a village then. In all villages it (the cemetery) was behind the church, behind the church. They would go and the priests would perform the ceremony and they come back after midday and eat lunch. Tail fat is from white small cattle (sheep), a lamb, sheep, not goats, not black (small cattle), as we call them. Tail fat (comes from) white small cattle, lambs, a full grown male sheep—for _qalya_ a full grown male sheep. We would slaughter a lamb for everyday (use). For example, if today we have guests, we would slaughter, it was just enough. We would roast meat. We would make a fire, in which there were roots and large pieces of wood. We would make it into glowing embers. If we had a griddle, we would put it on the griddle, if there were a few (guests). If there were many people, no. (We would cook on) a hearth, which we would fill with kebabs of meat. _Qalya_ is tail fat and fatty meat. They put it in first before the red meat. They would make pieces of meat small like this or, if people wanted, big. We would make meat pieces for eating. We would put eggs in it (the _qalya_). We would cook stew in it. We would put it in _praxe_ (stuffed vine leaves), in _dolma_ (stuffed vine leaves), _duxma_ (meat and barley cooked in yoghurt), _məjja_ (dissolved yoghurt cakes), which is _dawwe_ (yoghurt water). When we shook the churn, we would take out the _č̣ita_ (yoghurt curds), that is we would take out the butter. We would boil the _dawwe_ in a big pan. The yoghurt boiled and we let it separate. The water sepa-rated. The water was clear, the yoghurt water. We would put it in a bag, a large bag, which we sewed specially for _dawwe_. We put the _dawwe_ in and left a little in the pan. Then we hung it on a tree. There was a tree, under which we placed a vessel so that it did not scatter, so that the water of the _dawwe_ did not scatter. It became thick and we made it into a _qaška_ (cake of dried yoghurt), like meat balls. Then we laid them out, not in the sun, we put them in the shade. It dried (to be kept) for the winter. In winter we made it into _duxwa_. We would dissolve it in an earthen vessel, from Dɛrəgni. Everybody had one. It had handles and a place where the _dawwe_ flows down. We strained it. We would crush barley in a mortar. We winnowed it and removed the husks. We washed it and added meat, added tail fat, added bones. The bones were dry, the bones were dried. We would put it in the _duxwa_. It cooked while we sat stirring it, for a hundred years! Turnips, yes, we added turnips. But here (in London) we have come to put meat balls (in _duxwa_). (This was the case) in Moṣul and such places, but not us in Barwar. We would make _gərðo._ As for _xumṣa_, we would mash meat in rice. The rice was the third one (in the degree of fineness). In the first round (of sieving) we make (ordinary) rice. In the second round (we make) _dolma_. The third round, the fine one (with the) fine sieve, crushed rice. We would soften it and put meat in it, then mash it. We did not put meat balls in it. We do that here, that is in a town, in Moṣul, in Baghdad. It had to be all meat. We used to take a large cutlet of meat. It used to cook in the _xumṣa_, (together with) bones, turnips and so forth. We would clean sumac berries. We would put sumac berries in water and boil them. There was a froth on top, as we call it. They would strain this and put it in the rice. (It was) water of sumac berries. What would they make with rice? With rice we would make _xumṣa_, we would make meat balls with rice. We called it meat balls with sauce. We would put tomatoes and tomato purée in the sauce. But the dish consisting only of _xumṣa_ is whitish. We did not put any red tomatoes in it. We would make _dolma_, we would make _gərðo_ and stew. The _gərðo_, which is thick,is for church memorial festivals. But the stew, which we made for ourselves, was somewhat watery, but not too much. We would put in it oil, tahini, crushed sesame. Raisin syrup, yes, but we rarely used it. But we used to have it. My uncle’s family used to make it in Musakka, (where there were) many of those black grapes. And dolma? Yes, by God! Every two or three days. If there was meat, if we had slaughtered sheep, we would serve meat. We did not use celery in our community. We did not use it. Now we use it. Onion and garlic, rice, leaves, vine leaves, chard leaves, cabbage leaves. Onion was always in it. A head of garlic, like that. We would make two types. My uncle’s family and the family of my mother’s uncle did not like garlic. Nor did they like onions. We would add (onions) but say to them ‘no’ (we have not added it). But garlic never came near them. How would you make cheese? We would collect a lot of milk, four times. We would collect it in a pot and strain it. We would put lots of it (in the pot) and heat it up slightly. They would make a cheese rennet. I don’t know what it was from. (They would add) peppers, spices, and would add something else, black pepper, the big one, not the crushed one. Not everybody knows how to make it. Only a few women make it. My mother learnt from her mother, who was from Ashitha. It was not possible for it to remain a year in the house. They prepared it from time to time for a few days. In the Spring there was a lot of milk and they would make cheese, but in Summer they could not, since the milk was in short supply. They would heat it slightly. They did not boil it. They would heat it slightly, add rennet and cover it, then it would become cheese. They would put it in a bag, then lay it out. We had flat stones, one beneath and one above, so that it was compressed and became cheese. It was like this in rounds. They would cut it with a large knife. Did they put _sərke_ in it? No, but we put _sərke_ in _jajək_. No. We would put a layer of it, that is _jajək_, and a (layer of ) cheese on top of it, then we would put _sərke_ in it. They would make it (like this) and then mix it together. We used to call (the herb) _sərmo_. We would bury it in the earth. If we put (a herb in it), we would put _sərmo_ in it. If we wanted (to use) garlic for cooking, it was up to us. If we want, we cook (with it), (if we do not) want, we don’t. In Spring we make everything from it. We would fry it and put it in a frying pan. We would put the frying pan on the embers. How would you make cheese? Yoghurt—we would fetch milk and boil it. It would cool slightly. We would put a portion of yoghurt in it and it would become yoghurt. That yoghurt would become sour. We would leave it and shake it in a churn. We would serve it as _dawwe_. We would extract butter. (We used) _dawwe_ also for (making) _qaška_, for cooking, for drinking, _dawwe_ (was used) for everything. They made preparations. For eight days we would bake bread. We would prepare the tree. For the tree they would bring all kinds of fruit. They would set up the tree. At that time there was no cake. They would go up onto the roof, at the time when they brought the bride and shake it. They would buy it—it was the uncle of the groom (who bought it first). He would sell the tree. Then other people bought it. They joined in. We used to sell the tree. Weddings were like that in the old days. They would make preparations for the wedding. They would slaughter sheep, they would cook, they prepared food, they prepared arak and wine, and all sorts of things, to drink. We would make pickles by ourselves. We would put them (the drinks) in pots, large pots, the ones used for water. What were the clothes of the bride like? Stockings, shoes, long clothes, clothes of purple fabric, a dress of purple fabric, a velvet waist-coat, all made of embroidered _zargəf_ fabric, a head-scarf, and a rose, which they would put in the head-scarf like this, a belt, a necklace. In the old days people would dress up for a wed-ding. They would put on silver bangles (on their veils). They would put on a belt. They would put on earrings. They would put on a necklace. My mother had one. They were all made of silver. Bracelets. Everything was silver. A ring of silver. At that time, in the old days, there was no (special wedding) ring. They only made an (ordinary) ring, which was silver. At that time they dressed her as usual. They would put on a wedding veil with a head-scarf (underneath), according to how high (the wedding veil) was. The head-scarf and the wedding veil were on her head for three days, nobody uncovered her. It was not allowed for the bride to be uncovered. The cover had to be on her head. (It was) like a thin shawl, (it was) not thick. What was the clothing of the groom like? The clothing of the groom—Ṭiyare clothes, a shirt, embroidered long sleeves, a shawl, a golden dagger, if he had a golden dagger. We had one. Not everybody. Not everbody had gold. They did not ask for it (from others). In our family they did not ask, since we had one. They would fire rifles. The people who brought the bride, the people who washed the bride would fire guns. If the bride was from the village, they would take her round the village on the back of mules. They called it _čappe buke_. She would come, enter (the house) and make with oil … and make (the sign of ) the cross in oil on the door of the house. When she entered, if they did not pledge a gift for her at the door, the bride did not agree to enter. That is, gold or something. The mother-in-law would say ‘(Take) the saucepan’. The bride did not agree, but said ‘I do not want the saucepan’. Then the sisters of the bride and her parents say ‘No, we want you to pledge a gift for her at the door’. My late father-in-law said ‘Do not make a belt or decorations. I shall buy them. I shall pledge for her a belt at the door’. He brought it at that time, but I (already) had a belt around my waist, the one belong-ing to my mother. He came and brought that belt and put it around my waist. He said ‘Now, enter!’ The wedding was very pleasant in the houses, large houses, with dancing and singing. We said that it was ‘in the meadows’. The wedding went on for three days. The wedding (is held) in the home of the groom, not that of the bride. On the seventh day they would go to the home of the bride’s father. They would invite however many they wanted and take them to the family of her father. For example, so-and-so is invited. But in our region you would invite everybody. If somebody wanted to, he would go. If he did not want, he would not. At that time my father slaughtered. Sheep were slaughtered. They cooked and made _xumṣa_, they made rice and sauce. The groom would not eat unless they pledged something to him. Now they bring them more, they give them more. Now they only want something made of gold, a cross, bracelet, a heavy fine quality ring. How was everyday clothing like? Everyday clothing, for women, ordinary (clothing), blouses, jackets, skirts. Skirts (have been worn) only recently, there were no skirts (worn by women) of my generation. There were shoes, either high or low ones, according to our choice. The scarf, i.e kerchief, which is a piece of _šalla_ fabric—they would tie this like this. They were big and thick. All women (wore them), then (there were) what we called satin scarves. These were red, some were black or brown. Women tied them (on their head) so that they did not have an uncovered head. It was a disgrace, at that time in our community, in the whole of Barwar, there was nobody who had an uncovered head. All people, including people from Ashitha and Ṭiyare. It was not permitted for a girl to have an uncovered head. They bought for us kerchiefs, scarves, blue, red, yellow. There were all colours. We would tie them (onto our heads). When we went down to church, it was a sin to go bare-headed. Here everybody goes to church with bare heads. How can that be permitted? It is a sin! Did you sew clothing by yourselves? We would sew by hand. A blouse, pleats—we called them _diyope_—a skirt—this did not require much sewing. There was the chest (of the blouse), the collar, long sleeves, which we would make. We would sew them. Some people who had gone down to Ḥabbaniyya—at that time I was not born—brought machines, hand (driven) machines. At that time there was no electricity. All the material at that time was of the very best quality. It was all silk, _santəm_ silk, _bresəm_ silk. Did you knit? We indeed used to knit, yes. We knitted blouses, we knitted socks. We knitted by ourselves. Whatever we wanted we knitted. We span (wool on) a spindle. We made the pure wool into balls. We would make three thin strands, which were necessary (for knitting). We would knit socks, we would knit blouses, we would knit jackets, we would knit gloves. We would knit everything. Leggings for men. There was a lot of snow. The men would wear them when they went (outside), so that their legs did not suffer (from the cold). We would knit for my father, for my brother. The Jews and the people from Gramun had a loom on which they made clothes, that is Ṭiyare clothes. They would weave knapsacks (for women) and bags (for men). How did you make wool? We would tease the wool. There was a comb. There was a comb, on which there were many teeth. We would tease it, comb it (until it was) so beautiful. First we took the best for clothes. The rest we called _bərgawa_ (inferior quality wool), which was thinner. This we span to make into socks, blouses, gloves, leggings. A hat was only wool. They pressed it. It was (made of ) wool of lambs. They would make it into hats. We have Ṭiyare clothes. We would knit shawls. The people from Ashitha produced the neck shawl, (made of ) lace. I have knitted with this. We used to knit these at home. We knitted everything by hand. How were the houses in ʾƐn‑Nune? Houses—there were villas, there were old houses. The house of the family of my father was old, but it was higher than the villas of every-body. It was two storeys (high). In big houses they made rooms like this one, wider. The rooms were big. This is a sitting room, for sitting, also in ʾƐn-Nune (we had one like this). There were many villas with six or seven rooms, eight rooms. Whoever built (such a house)—half the village (built them), some built some did not. Those who were in the Levies, those who had wages had a villa. They would send money and build houses. In the house, underneath, there were basement stables. A base-ment for animals. The door for this, however, was not together with the door for people on this other side. For example, if this is our door, (the door of the basement) was on the other side, here, outside. Sheep, goats, each had its place. If somebody did not want it under the houses and needed the lower rooms, he would make a (separate) stable. Plots of land were abundant. They would go and build a stable consisting of two rooms, out of mud. They made it into a stable for animals. Whoever had the means, had many sheep. In the Spring there was an enclosure. The enclosure was woven outside out of wood and leaves. In the Spring it was warm. When it rained, they brought them into the stable. There were special stables for sheep, special ones for oxen and for lambs, by themselves. Sheep were by themselves, cows and oxen, they were all by themselves. Sheep are delicate, if an ox strikes them it would kill them. Each had its own room. They made them like that. They would put out grass and put out leaves. Each time—they had times (for feeding), that is four o’clock is the animals’ dinner time. Our house was only mud. But it did not seem so. They would lay stones and mud like these walls. They would lay stones, all were at hand. Bricks were not possible. We are not in the plains. They would make windows. We would sleep on the roof in summer. In summer, before the rains finished, sometimes we went up and it rained, sometimes it did not. (There were) mosquito nets. Everybody (went up) with his bed, a wooden bed. We all erected sticks of wood and hung the mosquito net on them. We ourselves would sew the nets, we sewed them by hand. We sewed them by machine. The ones who had a machine were those (families) that were large. We started (making the nets) from winter time until ‘the season of the roof’. Not every year. Every few years. They would get torn and cut and we sewed (nets) to replace them. In the winter we sewed for the summer. How did you go up to the roof? A ladder. A ladder—some had (ladders with) rungs, with thin rungs, some had (a ladder of ) planks, like a staircase, wide rungs like steps. We put our bundles on the roof. Steps are made of stone, but a ladder is made of wood, like the ones that the electricity workers climb up. Our ladder was like that. Where did you get water from? Water—we have springs. One spring is called the spring of Kutto. It is on one side of the village. We have the spring of the church. Its water never dries up, in summer or winter. We have two springs. One we call the one of the lower district, the other the one of the upper district of our village. How do you fetch water? Vessels, cans, oil cans, with a small mouth, a can. It was sealed, a sealed oil can. We poured it away, put ash into it and cleaned it well. We put it in the sun for eight days. For those who were large families, the water of pots, jars and gourds was not enough. We often went to fetch water. We did not last from morning to evening without fetching (more), no. Every so often one of us would run off to the spring and fetch cold water. It was like that. There was no fridge in the old days. Now everything is available. A tap in the house. Taps were installed in the six-ties. (After) 1960 taps, electricity and everything were installed. Where did people wash? Each person washed in his own garden. Each made a wash room, wove it like this. They would weave it first with twigs, leaves, and then put sesame grass onto it. They only left a place for the smoke to come out. The water came from a channel. There was a channel running directly (into the washroom). We would boil it. We would fetch wood and put it (on the fire). There was a large pan, like this, with handles. We put it on the hearth, until the last (member of the family had finished washing). The water was always kept hot. We took water from the channel and put it in the pan. Also now our bathroom here is the same. There was _raggye_ soap and earth. As for a woman who had (long) hair, which would not (comb) down with soap, they would apply mud. There was a type of mud, which was oily, red mud. We would go down and, once every year, we would collect this mud. When it was Spring, we would collect the mud and put it aside. If a woman had hair that would not (comb) down, since it was very abundant and thick, they would apply this mud and you would see how they made it go down (with the comb), they would comb it in water. How did you wash clothes? By hand. In a bowl there in the washroom. In the washroom they stripped off. They all washed, young and old, then two women remained in the river channel. I used to wash and my sister used to rinse, then we laid it out to dry. We also would bathe and go home across the fields. Nowadays, however, the washrooms are in the houses. People do not go into the fields. In winter how do you heat the houses? A stove of wood. It was all wood. People would go and fetch wood in summer for the winter. They would bring twigs, they would cut down leaves and go home. They would bring thin pieces of wood. We would break them all. We would not bring a single twig into the house without breaking it. We would break everything outside. We would bring it up and put it aside, in the porch, and each time we would bring some in and light the stove. Big pieces of wood do not ignite straightaway. We would put some of those small pieces in it and they would burn until evening. Then you would put one or two other thick pieces of wood and it would burn by itself. Where was the stove? The stove was in a room. We placed it in the middle of the room. There were pipes, like tubes. These pipes came out onto the roof. (What about) smoke? Smoke. The smoke went up. It was not in the house. We placed the pipes one on top of the other, it went out onto the roof. We made them quite high. The smoke would go away. Even on the roof there was no smoke. Every fifteen days we would shake those pipes and take them off, (knocking them) tap tap on the ground (to clean them). (What about) the roof? They would roll it. They would lay down straw and roll it, so that drips (of water) would not come down (into the house). A large roller, nobody can lift it. (You needed) many men to lift it onto the roof. (Tell me) the name of vessels. The names of vessels. We called this a _zawərta_ (water pot). One we call a _markən_ (pot). One we call a _kawaza_ (small water jar). One we call a gourd. Gourds were like this. They were for water. There were _linyaθa_ or _line_ (pots), green pots. They would put butter in them. They would say that it does not lose its taste at all. It keeps its taste. There were many (pots) in which the butter remained for two years. There were some (in which it remained) one year. They would put it in those pots. The _burra_ was for yeast. They brought them from Dɛrəgni. We would each buy one. Each person would have one. There was a potty for young children sleeping in a cradle, in a cot. They did not urinate on themselves, but it flowed down into this (pot). We would take it, clean it and sterilize it, then put it back. It had a pipe. We set it up for a young child, we set up a joining piece, a soft joining piece. We set this up and his urine and his exrement would go down into it, into the potty. Nobody saw it, when the child was asleep. He got up and we took it and cleaned it. There was a rug, a rug of wool. Everybody had four or five. They made it out of wool. They pressed (the wool) of sheep in Spring. There were people who were specially responsible for this job. Carpets, in the old days there were no carpets. We made big rugs. They made them into rolls. They twisted the wool. Many men (were needed to) make it. They made embroideries in them of black wool, triangles, they made crosses, they made flowers. We would spread them out (on the floor). Where did people sit? People sat on the ground and all around there were cushions. We laid out cushions. In recent times, carpenters have come up from Amedia and from Moṣul and everybody has made (furniture) for himself. They have walnut wood. They fell the walnut wood this year to make couches next year. (They made) by hand couches, tables, side tables, wardrobes—they made everything. In the old days they would lay out only a rug and sit on it. They would make cushions of wool and laid them around for people to lean on. At night where did the light come from? Lamps, lamps. In the old days, oil lamps. In the old days they would put out oil lamps. They would put out sesame oil, what do we call it? Walnut? No, they extracted (the oil) of the walnut tree for the church. I myself do not remember that. But my mother used to tell me and say that we used to make lamp oil from the oil of sesame or whatever was available. They put in the oil lamp something small like this, but it stayed a long time. They twisted it like this and put it out. They hung them up and would knit and sew, Amedia stitching (cross-stitch). After oil lamps, came (paraffin) lamps, wall lamps, _fānūs_ they say in Arabic. We say wall lamps or hand lamps. There are small ones. We would buy four or five. Everybody had one. People would go down (to see) the sheep (in the basement stable), they would go down when the cows were giving birth. Everybody had one. We had two or three. We put them outside in the porch. Two or three were hung in the house. They hung them up and we would weave lace pieces and embroider them. We would put paraffin in them every day in the evening, at four o’clock. All our lamps were swept out, prepared and set for us to light them. We had a porch, where we set up a hearth. We made a hearth like this, one stone here, another stone here, and here. We laid wood and set up a can. We would make a hole in the can, an oil can, right? We would flatten it and the young children would make holes in it. We put cooking pots on it. We made a fire. As soon as it boiled, we pulled away the wood and it became embers, and the food would cook very slowly. We would bake thin bread. We would bake flat breads in the oven. We would bake three or four types of bread. We would bake _qəllora_. (This was) maize seeds. We brought them down to the water-mill and ground them. Not everybody, but we did, whoever wanted to. We would go down and take the maize seed down, grind it and make it into fine flour. We would knead it and put leaven in it, then baked it. We baked it when it was thick so that we could stick it onto the oven. (We put) a little flour here and a little here and baked it. This was indeed very tasty. It is called _qəllora_. _Zeðaye_ (flat breads) are made of wheat. (There was) millet, fine millet. Here (in London) I have seen people put out millet for the birds. Barley bread. We used to bake four types. We had wheat. People had an appetite (for different breads). If we felt like it, we made them. We ground a little (flour), like this. We baked for a few days. This was all in the oven, not in the house. For example, this village of ours, our village of ʾƐn-Nune was big, we had baker women. (These were) two women, one this side (of the village), one the other, each one with her tribe, as I used to say. We had aunt Širine and aunt Xamme, who baked bread. The women would bake and take (the bread) and put it on the oven. She (aunt Xamme) would bake whichever (dough) had risen. Also the other one, aunt Širine. There were two ovens in the village. In the old days there were two ovens. Now every house has an oven. Recently there have not been any baker women. The village has become large. There were places (for baking), but everybody has built an oven for himself. Did you use a _marzaq_? _ṭəlme_ and _lawaše_. We would press it down and she (the baker woman) would stick it (onto the oven). We baked these in the oven, they were very delicious. When it was, for example, the (fast of) the Rogation of the Ninevites, we had to bake _ṭəlme_. We all baked them in the oven. We would put out five or six _ṭəlme_, rolling them out (and used) a _marzəq_. They were large. _Zeðaye_ no, we (made them) by hand. We would make spoons out of wood. My late father made ‘stirring’ spoons. But there were no forks. There were no forks. We do not eat with forks. We do not eat with knives and forks. Pokers (_badode_)—we used to stir the fire (with them). Tongs (_gazza_)—we would pick up the bread with them in the oven. What did we clean with? We would boil ash. This was always the ash of the terebinth tree. The spoons—there is a special tree for those spoons. We call it ‘wood of the king’. In all of the Barwar region there are three places (where it grows). My father used to go up from morning until evening and bring back a piece of wood. He would sit down and make spoons. He had a trowel, he had an axe. He made everything. He made them beautiful. My father made spoons for all the village.

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ʾelíṯa ṯéla mən-ʾə̀rba.ˈ ʾə́rba parmə̀xwale,ˈ t-xwàre,ˈ ʾə́rbə t-xwàre,ˈ parmə̀xwale,ˈ xéna ʾelíṯa qalə̀xwaˈ dɛrə́xwa gu-kúlla mə̀ndi,ˈ gu-dòlma,ˈ gu-bə̀sra.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa qawùrma,ˈ ʾaw-qawúrwa dɛrə́xwa rə́zza ʾə̀lle.ˈ bə́sra rába donàna.ˈ ʾelíṯa-w rə̀zzaˈ bašlə̀xwale,ˈ ʾó y-amrìwaleˈ qawùrma.ˈ ṯáni yómət ʾéḏa y-oḏə́xwa duxràna.ˈ kúd-xa maṣléwa xà-lagăna,ˈ gə̀rḏo,ˈ ʾaw ʾó-t băyéwa kṯayàṯaˈ rəš-rə̀zza-wˈ ʾó-t băyèwaˈ qawùrma.ˈ yōm-gayàsa,ˈ bàṯər qyámta.ˈ xaḏríwa náše ʾeḏăwàṯaˈ w-y-azíwa mšamšíwa bɛṯ-qòra,ˈ rə́ḥqa mən-an-dukàne.ˈ kúlla mšamšìwa.ˈ qàše,ˈ šamáše y-azíwa qorăwàṯa.ˈ láwa ʾax-dìya.ˈ gu-màṯa wɛ́wa ʾɛ́-ga.ˈ yáʿni kúlla maṯwàṯaˈ báṯər ʾèta-wewaˈ báṯər ʾùmra.ˈ ʾánna y-azíwa mamšíwa qàše,ˈ bar-pálgət yóma y-aṯìwa,ˈ y-axlíwa kawùṯra.ˈ

ʾelíṯa mən-ʾə̀rbət xwára,ˈ pàṛa,ˈ ʾə̀rbe,ˈ la-ʾə̀zze,ˈ lá ʾan-kòmeˈ y-amrə́xla ʾàxni.ˈ ʾelíṯa yáʿni ʾə́rbət xwàreˈ pàṛe,ˈ baràna,ˈ ta-qàlya barána.ˈ páṛa parmə́xwale ta-kùt-yom.ˈ yáʿni mắṯălan ʾə́dyo ʾítlən ʾàrxe,ˈ parmə́xwa …ˈ hə́nd ṃaḷèwa.ˈ mṭawə́xwa bə̀sra.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa nùra,ˈ gòje-wɛwa,ˈ qɛ́se gòṛe.ˈ y-oḏə́xwala pàlle.ˈ ʾən-ʾítwalən mànqal,ˈ dɛrə́xwa gu-mànqal.ˈ ʾən-wɛ́wa xànči.ˈ ʾən-wɛ́wa náše rábe là.ˈ … kanùna.ˈ ʾó ṃaḷə́xwale šíšət bə̀sra.ˈ

qálya har-ʾay-ʾelíṯa bə̀sra hawé ṭrísa,ˈ qamàyeˈ dɛríwale ʾàw,ˈ qám ṱ-o-smòqa.ˈ y-oḏíwa pə́ške hátxa zòre,ˈ ʾó-t băyéwa qăràne.ˈ pə́ške y-oḏə̀xwa ʾáxni,ˈ ta-xàla.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa béʾe gàwe.ˈ bašlə́xwa šórba bìye.ˈ gu-pràxe dɛrə́xwa,ˈ gu-dòlma,ˈ dùxwa,ˈ mə́jja ʾáwwa dàwwe.ˈ lá măyə́xwa gùḏa,ˈ palṭə́xwala č̣ìta.ˈ yáʿni mə́šxa mpalṭə̀xwale.ˈ ʾan-dáwwe marəxṯə̀xwalaˈ gu-marə́gla gòṛa.ˈ raxṯíwa dàwweˈ šoqə́xwala qaṭpìwa.ˈ qaṭpíwa miyèy.ˈ míya y-áwɛ zalàle,ˈ míyət màsta.ˈ dɛrə́xwale kìsa,ˈ kísa gòṛa,ˈ xɛṭə́xwa xā̀ṣˈ qa-dàwwe.ˈ dɛrə́xwa dàwwe,ˈ xánči šoqə́xwale gu-margə̀lta.ˈ baʿdḗn talə́xwale b-ʾilàna.ˈ ʾítwa ʾilàna,ˈ mattə́xwa ʾamàna xóṯe ṭla-lá mbarə̀bzi,ˈ mbarə́bzi míyət dàwwe.ˈ páyəšwa qə̀šya.ˈ y-oḏə́xwala hátxa-qàška,ˈ máx kùbbe.ˈ ʾu-mattə̀xwale,ˈ lá šə̀mša,ˈ ṭə̀lla hátxa mattə̀xwale.ˈ barə́zwa ṭla-sə̀twa.ˈ sə́twa y-oḏə́xwa dùxwa.ˈ ʾi-mɛjə́xwale ʾamánət ʾùpra,ˈ m-Dɛrə̀gni.ˈ kút-xa hawéwale xà.ˈ y-awéwala ʾiṯàṯa,ˈ ʾu-dúkṯət ṣláya dàwwe.ˈ ʾi-mṣapə̀xwaleˈ y-oḏə̀xwale.ˈ sáṛe xašlə́xwala b-xašòlta.ˈ ʾu-mpartənə̀xwalaˈ ʾu-qašrə̀xwala.ˈ ʾi-mxallə̀xwale,ˈ dɛrə́xwale bə̀sra,ˈ dɛrə́xwa ʾelìṯa,ˈ dɛrə́xwa gɛ̀rme.ˈ gɛ́rme y-awɛ́wa brìze,ˈ mbùrze gɛ́rme.ˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa gu-dùxwa.ˈ ʾi-bašə́lwa y-awə́xwa tíwe mbarxòše,ˈ ʾúmma šə̀nne!ˈ šəlgə̀mme ʾé,ˈ šəlgə́mme dɛrə̀xwa,ˈ ʾína ʾáxni kúbba ʾàxxa ṯélən dráya.ˈ yáʿni gu-Mòṣul,ˈ ʾu-ʾàn-dukane,ˈ ʾina-ʾáxni gu-Bárwar là.ˈ gə̀rḏo y-oḏə́xwa.ˈ xùmṣa,ˈ bə́sra har-xašlə́xwale gu-rə̀zza.ˈ rə́zza y-awéwa ʾo-t-ṭḷàṯa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa ʾáwwəl dórta rə̀zza.ˈ ʾu-ṯáni dórta dòlma.ˈ ʾu-ṯáləṯ dòrta,ˈ ʾo-daqíqa … ʾərbàla,ˈ qəṣqə̀ṣta.ˈ marəkxə̀xwaleˈ ʾu-dɛrə́xwa bə́sra gàw,ˈ xašlə̀xwa.ˈ lá dɛrə́xwa gáwe kùbbe.ˈ ʾáxni ʾàxxa-x wáḏa hádəx,ˈ yáʿni gu-mḏìta,ˈ gu-Mòṣul,ˈ gu-Bàġdad.ˈ ʾína gắrəg kúlla bə̀sra hawéwa,ˈ ʾu-šaqlə́xwa hátxa kutə́lṯa gòṛta.ˈ gu-xúmṣa bašə̀lwa,ˈ gɛ̀rmeˈ ʾu-šəlgə̀mmeˈ ʾu-ʾatxa.ˈ ʾu-smóqe ʾi-mṣapə̀xwala.ˈ smóqe dɛrə́xwalɛ gu-mìye,ˈ marəṯə̀xwalɛ.ˈ y-áwe qə́ppo b-rèša,ˈ ʾáxni y-amràxxa.ˈ ʾi-mṣapə́xwala ʾap-ʾày,ˈ ʾu-dɛrə́xwala gu-rə̀zza,ˈ míyət smòqe.ˈ

módi y-oḏíwa m-rə̀zza?ˈ
m-rə́zza y-oḏə́xwa ya-xùmṣa,ˈ kùbbət rə́zza,ˈ y-oḏə̀xwala.ˈ y-amrə́xwala kúbbət šòrba.ˈ šórba dɛrə́xwa tamàtoˈ ʾu-máʿjūn gàwa.ˈ ʾína ʾáyyət xúmṣa har-xúmṣa háwe xwarnàya.ˈ yáʿni smóqa m-tamáto là dɛrə́xwa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa dòlma,ˈ y-oḏə́xwa gə̀rḏo,ˈ bušàla.ˈ ʾay-gə́rḏo ʾa-qšìṯa,ˈ ta-duxràne,ˈ ʾína bušála t-ʾoḏə́xwala ṭlàlən,ˈ xánči miyànta,ˈ la-ràba.ˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa mə̀šxa,ˈ ṭàxin,ˈ šíšme xšìle.ˈ nepúxta hè,ˈ m-ʾálpa ʾáxni lá raba-ʾi-mapəlxə̀xwala.ˈ ʾína hawèwalən.ˈ be-xáli y-oḏíwa Musàkka,ˈ ʾáni ʾə́nwe kóme ràba.ˈ

ʾu-dòlma?ˈ
ʾe-b-àlaha!ˈ kut-tré yomáṯa ṭḷàṯa.ˈ xéna ʾən-hawéwa bə̀sra,ˈ ʾən-háwəxwa príme ʾə̀rwe,ˈ dɛ̀rəxwa bə́sra.ˈ karáfəs là dɛrə́xwa kəslɛ́ni.ˈ là dɛrə́xwa.ˈ hadíya ʾi-dɛ̀rəx.ˈ bə́ṣla-w tùma,ˈ ʾu-rə̀zza,ˈ ʾu-ṭàrpe,ˈ ṭárpət dalìṯa,ˈ ṭárpət sə̀lqa,ˈ ṭárpət kalằme.ˈ bə́ṣla har-mawjū̀d-iwa.ˈ xá-reša tùma,ˈ hàtxa.ˈ y-óḏəxwa trè-ṭuxme.ˈ be-xàli,ˈ be-mámət yə̀mmiˈ là-băyiwale túma.ˈ ʾap-bə́ṣla la-bằyiwale.ˈ dɛ́rəxwa là y-amrəxwaléy.ˈ ʾína túma har-là-ʾaṯewa qurba-lléy.ˈ

dáx y-oḏítuwa gùpta?ˈ
xə́lya ʾi-mjămə́xwa ràba,ˈ ʾárba dàne.ˈ ʾi-mjămə́xwale gu-quṣàrta,ˈ ʾi-mṣapə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-máttəxwale màttəxwale,ˈ xáčči mšaxnə̀xwale.ˈ ʾu-y-oḏíwa marɛ́ṯət gùpta.ˈ lɛ̀ḏən mən-módi.ˈ gəsəkyàṯa,ˈ băharā̀tˈ ʾu-dɛríwa xà-mdi xéna,ˈ fə́lfəl ʾàswad,ˈ qărànta,ˈ yaʿni là-xšilta.ˈ lá kulla-náše yắḏi ṱ-oḏìla.ˈ k̭ḕm baxtáṯa y-oḏíla.ˈ yə́mmi lípta m-yə́mma dìya,ˈ ʾašitnɛ̀ṯa-wawa.ˈ lá-barya ḏa-šéta t-páyəšwa bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ har-dána b-danà y-oḏíwalaˈ ta-xákma yomàne.ˈ báhər y-áwe xə́lya ràba,ˈ y-oḏíwa gùpta,ˈ ʾína b-qɛ́ṭa la-màṣiwaˈ sab-xànči y-áwe xə́lya.ˈ mšaxníle xànči,ˈ lá marəṯxìle.ˈ xánči mšaxnìleˈ ʾu-dɛ́rɛ marɛ̀ṯaˈ ʾu-mkàsɛleˈ ʾu-pɛ́šawa gùpta.ˈ dɛ́riwale l-kìstaˈ ʾu-mattìwa.ˈ ʾíṯwalən pàrše,ˈ trè,ˈ xa-xóṯa xa-rèša,ˈ ta-t-ṭăbəqàwa,ˈ pɛ́šawa gùpta.ˈ hàtxa rešăwáṯa,ˈ hàtxɛwa.ˈ ʾu-parmíwale b-šàpra.ˈ

dɛrɛ́tuwa gáwa sə̀rke?ˈ
làˈ béna sə́rke dɛ́rəxwa gu-jàjək.ˈ là.ˈ ʾàyˈ mattə́xwa xa-ṭàbăqaˈ yáʿni jàjəkˈ ʾu-xa gúpta b-rèšeˈ ʾu-dɛ́rəxwa sə̀rke.ˈ ʾáy y-oḏìwala,ˈ xoṭíwala b-ɛ̀-ga.ˈ sə̀rmo y-amrə́xxa.ˈ ṭamrə̀xwala gu-ʾúpra.ˈ ʾən-dɛrə̀xwa,ˈ dɛrə́xwa sə̀rmo gáwe.ˈ ʾən-băyə́xwa tùma,ˈ ṭla-mbašàlta,ˈ kèfən-ile.ˈ bắyəxwa mbašlə̀xwa,ˈ bắyəxwa là.ˈ gu-báhər kúl-məndi y-oḏə̀xwa mə́nna.ˈ mṭawə̀xwaˈ dɛrə́xwa rəš-masə̀xṯa.ˈ masə́xṯa mattə́xwala rəš-pàlle.ˈ

y-oḏítuwa màsta?ˈ
màstaˈ xə́lya mɛṯə̀xxe,ˈ marəṯxə̀xxe.ˈ qàyər xánči.ˈ dɛ́rəx xa-màsta gáwe,ˈ pɛ́ša màsta.ˈ ʾu-ʾey-màstaˈ pɛ́ša xamùṣta.ˈ ʾi-šoqə̀xlaˈ ʾu-mắyəx gúḏa bìya.ˈ dɛ́rəxwala ṭla-dàwweˈ mpalṭə́xwa mə̀šxa,ˈ ʾu-ham-dàwweˈ ʾu-hám ṭla-k̭àška,ˈ ṭla-mbašòle,ˈ ṭla-štàya,ˈ dàwweˈ ṭla-kùl-məndi.ˈ

mràzgiˈ tmánya yománe y-áwəxwa páya lə̀xma.ˈ ʾu-mrazgíwa ʾilàna.ˈ ʾílànaˈ mɛṯíwa kúlla mə́ndit mèwa.ˈ maxíwa ʾilàna.ˈ ʾɛ́-ga lìṯwa kéka.ˈ y-asqíwa l-gàre,ˈ ʾɛ-dánə mɛṯíwala kʸàlo,ˈ napṣìwala.ˈ zonìwala,ˈ xálət xə̀tnɛle.ˈ zabə́nwa ʾilàna,ˈ b-ɛ́-ga náše xéne ʾi-zòni.ˈ mšàrki.ˈ ʾáxni zabnə̀xwala ʾilána.ˈ xlúla hàtxɛwa qamáye.ˈ xéna xlùlaˈ mrazgìwa,ˈ mparmíwa ʾə̀rwe,ˈ mbašlìwa,ˈ mbanìwa,ˈ maštíwa ʾằraq,ˈ xàmra,ˈ ʾu-kùlla-məndi.ˈ ṭúrši y-oḏə́xwa b-gànən.ˈ dɛ́rəxwa gu-lìne,ˈ líne gòṛe,ˈ linyàṯa,ˈ ʾánna-t mìya.ˈ

dáx lwíštət kʸàlo?ˈ
gə̀rwe,ˈ ṣàwle,ˈ júlle rìxe,ˈ júllə jərjḕt,ˈ ʾáyya fəstánə jərjḕt,ˈ ʾu-ʾáyya k̭appúrtə qăṭìfa,ˈ zárgəf kùllaˈ mnoqàšta,ˈ ʾu-pošìya,ˈ ʾu-xá-warda ṱ-átxa maxíwa gu-pošíya dìya,ˈ kămằra-wˈ ʾáyya gərdằna.ˈ qamáye mxamòle,ˈ yáʿni mxámli qa-xlùla,ˈ dɛ́ri tìta,ˈ dɛ́ri kămằra,ˈ dɛ́ri xalaqyàṯa,ˈ dɛ́ri ʾáwwa ṭṑq,ˈ yə̀mmi ʾítwala,ˈ kúlla m-d-ánnə sèma.ˈ šəbbəryàṯa,ˈ séma kùlla-məndi.ˈ ʾisə́qṯə sèma,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga líṯwa ḥằlăqa,ˈ qamàye.ˈ bas-ʾisə̀qṯa y-oḏíwa,ˈ sèma.ˈ b-ɛ́-ga malušíwala ʿàdi,ˈ dɛríwa xə̀ppo,ˈ pošìya,ˈ dáx t-rɛmawa-ày,ˈ pošíya ʾu-xə́ppo b-rèšaˈ ṯlaṯà yománeˈ ʾáp-xa là mgaléwala.ˈ lá baryáwa makšùfaˈ kʸàlo.ˈ lázəm hoyáwa xə́ppo b-rèša,ˈ max-šála raqìqa,ˈ la-xlìma.ˈ

dáx lwíštət xə̀tna?ˈ
lwíštət xə́tna júlle ṭiyariyàna,ˈ ṣùdraˈ lawandíye mnùqše,ˈ ʾu-šā̀l,ˈ ʾu-xánjər dàwa,ˈ ʾo-t-ʾìtwale xánjər dáwa.ˈ ʾáxni ʾìtwalən.ˈ là kulla-dúnye.ˈ kúlla náše lítwaley dàwa.ˈ là ṭalbíwala.ˈ ʾáxni kíslən lɛ̀la ṭlíbe,ˈ ʾáxni ʾìṯwalən.ˈ

ʾìnaˈ dɛríwa topàṯaˈ ʾánnə mɛṯíwala kʸàloˈ ʾánnə xɛpíwale xə́tna dɛríwa topàṯa.ˈ ʾən-kʸálo m-gu-màṯa,ˈ čɛrxìwala máṯaˈ xáṣə dawɛ̀re.ˈ y-amríwa čáppe bùkela.ˈ ʾay-ṱ-aṯyàwa,ˈ ṱ-oràwa,ˈ maxyáwa … mə̀šxaˈ ʾu-ṱ-oḏáwa ṣlìwa,ˈ mə̀šxa,ˈ gu-tắrət qàṣra.ˈ dánə ṱ-oràwa,ˈ lá qablíwala xá-mdi gu-tằra,ˈ lá qabláwa ṱ-oráwa kʸàlo.ˈ yaʿni dàwa,ˈ xa-mə̀ndi.ˈ xmáṯa ṱ-amràwa:ˈ quṣàrta.ˈ kʸálo là qabláwa,ˈ béna y-amráwa ʾána là bắyən quṣárta.ˈ bènaˈ xaṯwáṯət kʸàlo,ˈ marwáṯa dìyaˈ y-amríwa là.ˈ bắyəx xá-məndi gu-tằra qablítula.ˈ ʾána míra-wewa ʾo-níxət xəmyàniˈ lá ʾoḏítu kămằra,ˈ čàkke,ˈ ʾàna zonə́nna.ˈ ʾána qablə́nna gu-tắra kămằra.ˈ múṯyəllele ʾɛ-dàna,ˈ ʾíṯwa b-xáṣi kămằra,ˈ ʾo-t-yə̀mmi.ˈ ʾə̀ṯyɛleˈ múṯyəlle ʾo-kămằra,ˈ mə́xyəlle b-xàṣiˈ mə́re ʾáwwa hadìya də-ʾùr.ˈ xlúla basìmaˈ y-awéwa gu-bàte,ˈ báte gòṛe,ˈ ʾu-rqáḏa-w zmàra.ˈ ʾáy gu-màrge y-amrə́xwala.ˈ ṭḷaṯá yománe xlùla y-awéwa.ˈ be-xə̀tna xlúla,ˈ la t-kʸàlo.ˈ yomə-šawwàˈ y-azíwa be-bába dìya,ˈ kʸàlo.ˈ kə́mət bằyiwa,ˈ čɛdíwa nablíwa be-bàba.ˈ mắṯălan ʾo-čída flàn.ˈ yan-ʾay-mánṭăqa diyɛ́ni kùllaˈ čɛdə̀tla,ˈ ʾo-t-bắye ʾàzəl,ˈ ʾo-t-bắye là.ˈ ʾáwwa dànaˈ bábi parə̀mwa.ˈ prim-ʾə̀rwe.ˈ ʾu-mbošə̀lla-wˈ wídla xùmṣa,ˈ wídla rə́zza-w šòrba.ˈ xə́tna lè-y-axəlˈ ʾə́lla qablíle xà-məndi.ˈ díya bìš-ila maṯóyəlla,ˈ bìš-ila hawə́lla,ˈ díya ʾə́lla xá-mdi dàwa bắyi,ˈ ya-ṣlìwa,ˈ ya-šəbbə̀rṯa,ˈ ʾisə́qṯa mən-d-án yaqùre,ˈ m-an-tàze.ˈ

dáx y-oyáwa lwíštət kùt-yom?ˈ
lwíštət kùt-yom,ˈ ta-baxtàṯa,ˈ ʿàdi,ˈ ṣudràṯa-wˈ jăketàṯa-wˈ yubqàṯa,ˈ yubqáṯa b-áyya xàrṯaˈ yaʿni mən-ʾámri là,ˈ lìṯwa yubqáṯa.ˈ ṣáwle ʾìṯwa,ˈ bắyi ramàneˈ bắyi kopàne,ˈ kèfəx.ˈ ʾay-yalə̀xta,ˈ k̭unnə̀kṯa,ˈ ʾay-šàlla,ˈ y-asṛíwala hátxa gòṛeˈ y-áwa xlìme.ˈ kúlla baxtàṯa,ˈ m-bar d-ɛ̀-gaˈ y-amrə́xwala k̭unnəkyáṯə sàntən,ˈ ʾánna smoqnàyeˈ xánči komnàye,ˈ qahwàye.ˈ hátxa y-asṛìwa baxtáṯa,ˈ ḥátta lá-hawɛwa sark̭òle.ˈ ʾɛ̀bɛle,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga lìṯwaˈ sark̭òlaˈ ʾàxniˈ kə̀slən,ˈ yáʿni kùlla Bárwər.ˈ yáʿni kùlla náše,ˈ ḥátta ʾašitnàye,ˈ ḥátta ṭiyaràye.ˈ ʾína bráta la-baryáwa ṱ-oyàwaˈ sark̭òle.ˈ ʾáxni zoníwalən kăfiyyā̀t,ˈ yaləxyàṯa,ˈ milàne,ˈ smòqe,ˈ zằre.ˈ kúlla ʾalwā̀n ʾíṯwa.ˈ y-asṛə̀xwala.ˈ lá y-ṣalə́xwa ḥátta ʾùmraˈ xṭìṯɛwa ṣáləxwa sark̭óle.ˈ láxxa kúlla sark̭óle ṯáya ʾùmra,ˈ dax-bàrya?ˈ xṭìṯa!ˈ

xɛṭítuwa lwíšta b-gʸanɛ̀xu?ˈ
b-ìḏən xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ ṣúdra yan-kasrā̀tˈ diyòpe y-amrə́xwala,ˈ klṑš,ˈ lá băyáwala rába xyàṭṭa.ˈ y-awéwa wásta bra-qḏàla,ˈ brɛṯáṯe rìxeˈ y-oḏə̀xwala.ˈ ʾi-xaṭə̀xwa.ˈ ʾu-ʾíṯwa ṱ-iwɛ́wa ṣə́lye ḥabbanìyya,ˈ yáʿni b-ay-dána lànwa wíṯa,ˈ múṯye măkàyən,ˈ măkínət ʾìḏa,ˈ ʾɛ́-ga líṯwa bə̀rqa.ˈ kúlla qŭmašā́t ʾɛ́-ga bíš-wɛwa rešàye.ˈ kúlla ḥărìr,ˈ sàntəmˈ ʾu-brèsəm.ˈ

zaqrìtuwa?ˈ
zqára ʾi-zaqrə́xwa ʾàxni,ˈ hè.ˈ zaqrə́xwa bluzā̀t,ˈ zaqrə́xwa gə̀rwe.ˈ b-gànən zaqrə́xwa,ˈ ʾu-mdi băyə̀xwaˈ zaqrə́xwa ʾàxni.ˈ y-azlə́xwa kùša.ˈ ṣūf ʾàṣli,ˈ y-oḏə́xwale guttàṯa.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa ṭḷáṯa táqe naqìḏe lázəm.ˈ zaqrə́xwa gə̀rwe,ˈ zaqrə́xwa bluzā̀t,ˈ zaqrə́xwa jaketàṯa,ˈ zaqrə́xwa brɛṯàṯa.ˈ zaqrə́xwa kùl-məndi.ˈ šàqe ta-gúṛe.ˈ y-awéwa rába tàlga.ˈ ʾi-lošíwala gùṛeˈ y-azìwa,ˈ ta-t-lá măríwa ʾaqlaṯèy.ˈ zaqrə́xwa ta-bàbi,ˈ ta-xòni.ˈ xanúṯa huḏàye ʾíṯwalaˈ ʾu-gerəsnàye.ˈ y-oḏíwa jùlle,ˈ yáʿni ṭiyariyàna.ˈ zaqríwa parzùne,ˈ čanàṯa.ˈ

dáx y-oḏítuwa ʾàmṛa?ˈ
ʾàmṛaˈ napšə̀xwale.ˈ ʾíṯwa masə̀rqa.ˈ ʾíṯwa masə̀rqa,ˈ ʾíwa bíye xmaṭáṯa ràbe.ˈ napšə̀xwale,ˈ sarqə́xwale hátxa tàza.ˈ qamáye ʾo-rešáya šaqlə̀xwaleˈ ta-jùlle.ˈ ʾo-xèna,ˈ y-amrə́xxa bərgàwa,ˈ ʾo-t biš-daqìqa.ˈ ʾáw y-oḏə̀xwaˈ y-azlə́xwa ta-gə̀rwe,ˈ ṭla-bluzā̀t,ˈ ṭla-brɛṯàṯa,ˈ ṭla-šàqe.ˈ kosìṯa,ˈ har-ʾàmṛa-wewa,ˈ gamríwa gmàra.ˈ ʾaw-lə́va t-pàṛe.ˈ ʾáw y-oḏíwa kosyàṯa.ˈ ʾáxni ʾìtlɛni júlle ṭiyariyàna.ˈ ʾi-zaqrə́xwa šàle.ˈ ʾašitnàyeˈ qəm-mpalṭíla ʾáwwa šálət qḏàla,ˈ hàšya,ˈ ʾána hon-zqìrta mə́nne.ˈ ʾáni zaqrə́xwa táma bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ kúlla b-ʾìḏən zaqrə́xwa,ˈ b-ʾìḏən.ˈ

bɛṯăwáṯa gu-ʾƐ̄n-Núne dàx-wɛwa?ˈ
bɛṯăwàṯa,ˈ ʾíṯwa qàṣre,ˈ ʾíṯwa báte ʾatìqe.ˈ ʾáxni bɛ́ṯət be-bábi ʾatìqa-wewa.ˈ ʾína ramánɛwa biš-mən-qáṣrət kùl-naše.ˈ trè ṭăbáqe-wewa.ˈ báte gòṛe,ˈ y-oḏíwa ʾotáxe max-d-àyya,ˈ biš-pṯìṯa.ˈ ʾotáxe gòṛe hawéwa.ˈ ʾáyya mánzəl tàwɛla,ˈ har-tàwɛla,ˈ ʾap-ʾàxni,ˈ ʾáp gu-ʾƐ̄n-Nùne.ˈ ʾíṯwa qáṣre ràbe,ˈ ʾə́šta šàwwa manzàle,ˈ tmanyà manzále,ˈ ʾo-ṱ-ile-bə̀nya,ˈ pàlgət máṯa,ˈ xámka bə̀nyaˈ ʾu-xámka là.ˈ qàṣra,ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa gu-Lèvi,ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa gu-răwàtəb,ˈ ʾìtwaley,ˈ mšadríwa zùze-wˈ banìwa báte.ˈ

gu-bɛ̀ṯa,ˈ xóṯa gomăwàṯa.ˈ gòma,ˈ t-haywàne.ˈ ʾína ʾáw tắra lá tắra mə́nne-mənnət tắrət nàše,ˈ m-àwwa bára.ˈ mắṯălan ʾáwwa tằrən-ile,ˈ yáʾha gòtaˈ hátxa ʾàxxaˈ wằdər.ˈ ʾə̀rwe,ˈ gə̀ḏye,ˈ ʾáni kút-xa b-ḏa-dùka.ˈ ʾu-ʾo-t-la-bắyewala xo-bàte,ˈ bắyewala báte xtàye,ˈ ʾaw-y-awə̀ḏwa góma,ˈ ʾăráṯa pə̀ryewa.ˈ ʾazìwaˈ mattíwa xa-gómət tre-ʾotàxe,ˈ ṭìna,ˈ ʾoḏíwale gòmaˈ ta-ḥaywàne.ˈ ʾo-t-maṣèwaˈ ʾítwale ʾə́rwe ràbe.ˈ

báhər y-awéwa dùna.ˈ dúna qam-tắra hátxa gḏìla,ˈ qɛ̀se,ˈ ṭàrpa.ˈ báhər y-áwe xə̀mma.ˈ har-ṯéwala mə̀ṭra,ˈ xošíwala gu-gòma.ˈ ʾíṯwa xáṣət gómət ʾə̀rwe,ˈ ʾu-t-xáṣət tàwreˈ ʾu-t-pàṛeˈ xòḏey.ˈ ʾə́rwe b-xoḏèy,ˈ ʾína tawráṯa ʾu-táwre ʾáni kút-xa b-xòḏey.ˈ ʾə́rwe năwazìk-ila.ˈ maxéla táwra ʾu-qaṭə̀lla.ˈ kút-xa bɛ́ṯa xòḏey-wa.ˈ hàtxa y-oḏə́xwa.ˈ dɛríwa gə̀lla,ˈ dɛríwa ṭàrpa.ˈ kut-dána ʾítwaley danàne.ˈ yáʿni sáʾət ʾàrbaˈ ʾáy xa-ramšət ḥaywànela.ˈ

ʾáxni bɛṯɛ̀niˈ har-ṭìna-wɛwa.ˈ bas le-y-mabyə̀nwaˈ képe ʾu-ṭíne dɛríwa max-d-ánna gudàne.ˈ mattíwa kèpe,ˈ kúlla hàzər.ˈ lə́bne la-bàrya,ˈ lax-gu-dàšta.ˈ mattíwa panjariyàṯa.ˈ

damxə́xwa b-gáre b-qɛ̀ṭa.ˈ b-qɛ̀ṭa,ˈ qam-qăṭíwa məṭráṯaˈ xá-gaya y-asqə̀xwa,ˈ ʾaryàwa dúnye,ˈ xá-gaya là.ˈ … məstìke,ˈ kút-xa-w táxte dìye,ˈ táxtət qɛ̀sa.ˈ kút-xa ʾi-maxə́xwa qɛ̀seˈ táləxwa mə́stik bìya.ˈ xɛ́ṭəxwa məstíke ʾàxni,ˈ b-ìḏən xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ b-mašìna xɛṭə́xwa.ˈ ʾítwala mašína t-wɛ́wa ràbe.ˈ mən-sə́twa y-awə́xwa bə̀dyeˈ hal-héwən-t gàre.ˈ la-kùššət.ˈ kút kəma-šə̀nne.ˈ načlíwa qăṭìwa,ˈ xɛ́ṭəxwa m-bădalèy.ˈ b-sə́twa xɛ́ṭəxwa ta-qɛ̀ṭa.ˈ

dáx y-asqítuwa l-gàre?ˈ
semàlta.ˈ semàlta,ˈ ʾo-t-ʾítwale xàlqe,ˈ b-xálqe hátxa naqìḏe.ˈ ʾo-t-ʾítwale ʾáyya dàpeˈ max-xa-dăràje,ˈ ʾáni xálqe pə́ṯye max-xa-dăràyəj.ˈ qaplɛ̀ni mattə́xwa l-gáre.ˈ dăráje t-kèpɛla,ˈ ʾína semàltaˈ ʾáyya t-qɛ̀se,ˈ max-d-ánna ṱ-ásqi ʾăbu-bə̀rqa.ˈ ʾáxni hàtxɛwa semáltən ʾap-ʾáxni.ˈ

mən-ʾɛ́ka šaqlítuwa mìya?ˈ
mìyaˈ ʾítlən ʾɛnàṯa ʾáxni.ˈ ʾɛ́na y-amrə́xxa ʾɛ́nət K̭ùtto.ˈ ʾay-m-ày gotət-máṯɛla.ˈ ʾítlən ʾɛ́nət ʾùmra.ˈ ʾay-čú-ga lá-qɛ́ṭa-w lá-sətwa bárzi míya dìya.ˈ trè ʾɛnáṯa ʾítlən.ˈ ʾáyya y-amrə́xwa t-šə́ttət tàxelaˈ ʾáyya t-réšət máṯa dìyən-ila.ˈ

dáx mɛṯítuwa mìya?ˈ
ʾamàne,ˈ tannə̀kke,ˈ ʾánnət nùṭa,ˈ ʾaw-púmma zòra,ˈ tannə̀kka.ˈ ʾáwwa sar-mòr.ˈ núṭa sar-mòr.ˈ msarqə̀xwala-wˈ dɛrə́xwa qə̀ṭmaˈ mxallə́xwala tàza.ˈ mattə́xwa qam-šə́mša xa-tmánya yomàne.ˈ ʾan-t-wɛ́wa ʿáyəla rábe la-ṃaḷíwa míyə zawriyàṯa,ˈ kawàze,ˈ qăriyàṯa.ˈ ʾína kut-béna béna ʾáxni y-azə́xwa mɛṯə́xwa mìya.ˈ lé-y-pɛšəxwa mbádla hal-ʾaṣə̀rta la-mɛ́ṯəx,ˈ là.ˈ kut-béna ḏá-mənnən y-azáwa y-arqáwa l-ʾɛ̀naˈ maṯyáwa míya qarìre.ˈ hàtxɛwa.ˈ lìṯwa ṯallàja qamáye.ˈ díya kúl-məndi ʾíṯwa hàḏ̣ər,ˈ ḥănăfíye gu-bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ səttinā̀t-wawaˈ wíye sìqe l-ḥănăfiyā́t.ˈ šə́ttət ʾə̀štiˈ síqa ḥănăfiyā́t ʾu-bə́rqa-w kùl-məndi.ˈ

ʾɛ́ka náše xɛpìwa?ˈ
xɛpíwa kút-xa gu-bustàne díye.ˈ y-áwəḏwale ḥàmmam.ˈ gaḏə́lwala hàtxaˈ gadlíwala qamáye b-səryòqe,ˈ ṭàrpa-wˈ ʾu-baʿdḗn dɛríwala šišmànta.ˈ bás šoqíwa dúkṯət páləṭwa tə̀nna.ˈ míya m-šaqìṯa,ˈ ʾíṯwa šaqíṯa ràsən.ˈ marəxṯə̀xwaˈ mɛṯə́xwa mattə́xwa qɛ̀se,ˈ marə́gla gòṛa hátxaˈ yaddā̀t.ˈ mattə́xwale rəš-kanùnaˈ hàl ʾo-xaráya.ˈ míya hàr-hola šxána.ˈ míya šaqlə́xwa m-šaqíṯa dɛrə́xwa gu-marə̀gla.ˈ ʾáp-ʾaxni díya ʾáxxa m-ànila ḥammamɛ́ni.ˈ ṣábun ràggʸeˈ ʾu-ʾùpra.ˈ ʾa-t-wáwa máre káwsa là ṣaléwa ṣábun,ˈ ʾína dɛríwa ʾùpre.ˈ ʾíṯwa xa-ʾùpra,ˈ məšxàna,ˈ ʾúpra smòqa.ˈ ṣalə̀xwaˈ ʾu-kut-šéta xa-gáya y-oḏə́xwa mən-d-o-ʾùpra.ˈ palṭa-bàhərˈ y-oḏə́xwa ʾùpraˈ mattə́xwale tămàha.ˈ ʾa-t-la-ṣaléwa kawsa-díya y-awéwa rába xɛlàna-wˈ xlìma,ˈ dɛríwa ʾúpra xazə́twa xrrr maṣlɛ̀wale,ˈ sarqíwale gu-mìya.ˈ

ʾu-jùlle, dáx masìtuwa?ˈ
b-ìḏən,ˈ b-ṭàšteˈ har-táma gu-ḥàmmam.ˈ gu-ḥammàmeˈ šlìplaˈ ʾánna kúlla xìplaˈ ʾan-zòre-w ʾan-ràbe-wˈ y-ázi pɛ́ši tə̀rte gu-néra.ˈ ʾána masyànwaˈ ʾu-xáṯi mparpyàwa.ˈ ʾu-šaṭxə̀xwala.ˈ ʾáp-ʾaxni xɛpə́xwa ʾu-y-azə́xwa bɛ̀ṯaˈ gu-ʾaqàra.ˈ ʾína díya píša ḥammămáṯa gu-bàte.ˈ lé-y-aziwa ʾaqàra.ˈ

gu-sə̀twaˈ dáx mšaxnítuwa bɛṯăwàṯa?ˈ
ṣópət qɛ̀se.ˈ kúlla qɛ̀seˈ y-azíwa mɛṯɛ́la b-qɛ́ṭa qɛ́se qa-sə̀twa.ˈ mɛṯíwa səryòqe,ˈ ṭárpa qăṭíwa y-azìwa.ˈ mɛṯíwa ʾan-qɛ́se naqìḏe.ˈ kúlla torə̀xwala.ˈ ʾáxni la-morə́xwa xa-səryóqa gu-bɛ́ṯa ʾən-lá torə̀xwale.ˈ torə́xwala kúlla baràye.ˈ ʾu-masqə́xwa mattə̀xwalaˈ l-ḏà-gota,ˈ ṭàrma,ˈ ʾu-kú-bena morə̀xwa,ˈ málhəxwa ṣòp̂a.ˈ qɛ́se góṛe lè-y-lăyi ràsən.ˈ mattə́xwa mən-d-áni zóre mənnèyˈ ʾu-lăyíwa táma hal-ʾaṣə̀rta.ˈ mattə́twa xa-tre-qɛ́se xéne xlìmeˈ ʾu-lắye b-gàne.ˈ

ʾɛ́ka y-awéwa ṣòp̂a?ˈ
ṣóp̂a gu-ʾòtəx.ˈ bé-palgət ʾótəx mattə̀xwalaˈ ʾu-ʾíṯwa ʾáyya gùngeˈ max-băwàri,ˈ gúnge palṭíwa rəš-gàre.ˈ

tə̀nna?
tə̀nna,ˈ y-asə̀qwa tə́nna.ˈ là y-awéwa gu-bɛ́ṯa.ˈ gùngeˈ mattə́xwala xa-b-rəš-d-o-xèna,ˈ páləṭwa l-gàre.ˈ xáčča y-oḏə́xwala ramàna.ˈ y-azə́lwa tə̀nna.ˈ ʾap-l-gáre là hawéwa tə́nna.ˈ napṣə́xwala kút xamšássər yomàneˈ ʾan-gúnge šaqlə̀xwala-wˈ ṭaqṭaq l-ʾằra.ˈ

gàre?ˈ
mandrìwa,ˈ dɛríwa tùna,ˈ mandrìwale.ˈ ta-t-là ṣaléwa dalòpa.ˈ mandórta gòṛta,ˈ ʾáp-xa là-mṣe taqə́lla.ˈ kəma-gúṛe hal-ɛ́-gə masqíwala l-gàre.ˈ

šəmmánət ʾamàne.ˈ
šəmmánət ʾamàne?ˈ ʾay ṱ-amrə́xxa zawə̀rta.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa màrkən.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa kawàza.ˈ xá y-amrə́xxa qărèṯa.ˈ qăriyáṯa y-áwi hàtxa.ˈ ʾanna t-mìya.ˈ béna ʾíṯ linyàṯa,ˈ lìne,ˈ linyáṯa ʾan-t-íla ʾàxḏ̣ar.ˈ dɛ́riwa mə̀šxa gáwe.ˈ y-amríwa ʾáw bíš la-mzànzərˈ yáwəl ṭéma pàyəšwa.ˈ ʾíṯwa ràbeˈ páyəšwa trè-šənne mə́šxa.ˈ ʾíṯwa ḏà-šeta.ˈ dɛ́riwala gu-d-an-lìne.ˈ búrra t-xmìra.ˈ mɛṯíwa m-Dɛrə̀gni.ˈ zonə́xwa kút-xa xà.ˈ kút-xa xa-ʾìtwale.ˈ quṣrìyaˈ ta-yále zóre dámxi gu-dargùšta,ˈ dudìya.ˈ lé-y-jɛriwa l-ganèyˈ ṣalíwa gu-d-àw.ˈ šaqlə́xwale mxallə́xwale mʿăqəmə̀xwale-wˈ mattə̀xwale xá-ga xéta.ˈ bəllòrta ʾítla.ˈ mattə́xla qa-yála zòra,ˈ mattə́xxa wàṣla,ˈ xa-wáṣla rakìxa.ˈ mattə̀xlaˈ ʾu-ʾàw,ˈ har-ṣále jórte dìye-wˈ šə́xte díye ṣále gu-d-àw,ˈ gu-quṣrìya.ˈ ʾáp-xa la-xazèla,ˈ ʾa-dánə ṱ-áwe ṭlìya yálaˈ ʾu-qàyəmˈ šaqlə̀xla,ˈ mtăməzə̀xla.ˈ

ʾíṯwa ṭaṭìya.ˈ ṭaṭíyət ʾàmṛa.ˈ kút-xa ʾárba xàmšaˈ y-awə́ḏwale ʾàmṛa.ˈ gamríwale ʾámṛət ʾə́rwət bằhər.ˈ ʾíṯwa náše xāṣ-d-áwwa šùla.ˈ xaliyàṯa,ˈ qădī́m qădī́m lìṯwa xaliyàṯa.ˈ ṭaṭíye y-oḏə́xwa gòṛe.ˈ y-oḏíwala baròre.ˈ ʾáwwa ṣū́f mpatlìleˈ rábe gúṛe y-awḏìwala.ˈ y-oḏíwa nə̀qše gáwaˈ t-ʾámṛa kòma,ˈ mṯallăṯā̀t,ˈ y-oḏíwale ṣlìwe,ˈ y-oḏíwale wàrde.ˈ mšawə̀xwala.ˈ

ʾɛ́ka y-atwíwa nàše?
y-atwíwa l-ʾằra,ˈ ʾu-dormadā́r kúlla berəšyàṯa.ˈ berəšyáṯa mattə̀xwa.ˈ bár ṯéle ʾáwwa záwna xaràya,ˈ síqla najjàreˈ mən-ʾAmedìya,ˈ mən-Mòṣul,ˈ kút-xa mtorə́ṣle ta-gàne.ˈ ʾítla qɛ́sət gàwzaˈ manpəlíle qɛ́sət gáwza ʾəššètaˈ ta-bazzúne ṱ-oḏíwa qănăpā̀t.ˈ b-ìḏa,ˈ qănapā̀t,ˈ mezăwā̀t,ˈ ṭabliyā̀t,ˈ dăwalī̀b,ˈ kùl-məndi wíḏe.ˈ qădī́m qădī́m har-ṭaṭíye mšawíwala-w ʾàtwi.ˈ berəšyáṯə ṣū́f y-oḏìwaˈ mattíwa dormadā́r náše ganìwa.ˈ

b-lɛ́le mən-ʾɛ́kɛle pùrya?ˈ
làmpe,ˈ fanùse.ˈ qamáye šràya.ˈ qamáye šráye dɛrìwa,ˈ dɛríwa ʾáyya ṭàxin,ˈ mà y-amrə́xla?ˈ

gàwza?ˈ
lá ʾa-t-gàwza mpalṭíwa ṭla-ʾèta,ˈ ṭla-ʾùmra.ˈ ʾána b-gáni là-taxrən m-áy.ˈ bas-yə́mmi mtanyáwa y-amràwaˈ ʾi-dɛrə́xwa y-oḏə́xwa nahìra,ˈ ṭàxin,ˈ ʾa-t-šìšme,ˈ ʾa-t-kù-məndi hawéwa.ˈ dɛríwa gu-šráya xá-məndi hátxa zòra.ˈ ʾína rába ʾi-pɛšàwa.ˈ ṭarníwala hátxa ṭrànaˈ mattìwala.ˈ ʾu-talíwala zaqrìwa,ˈ xɛṭìwa,ˈ ʾamədyàna.ˈ bar-šráye ṯéla làmpe,ˈ lámpət gùda,ˈ fanū̀sˈ y-ámri ʾarabàyeˈ ʾáxni y-amrə́xwala lámpət gúda ʾaw-lámpət ʾìḏa.ˈ ʾíṯən ʾan-zòre.ˈ ʾi-zonə̀xwaˈ ʾárba xàmšaˈ kút-xa ʾìtwale.ˈ ṣalíwa gu-ʾə̀rweˈ ṣalíwa tawráṯa ḏàla.ˈ kút-xa y-awéwale xà.ˈ ʾáxni tre-ṭḷàṯa.ˈ máttəxwala baráye gu-ṭàrma.ˈ tre-ṭḷáṯa gu-bɛ́ṯa ʾu-ʾánna tə̀lye.ˈ tàli,ˈ zaqrə́xwa hàšye,ˈ laqṭə̀xwa.ˈ nùṭa dɛrə́xwa.ˈ kút-yum ʾaṣə̀rta,ˈ sáʾət ʾàrba.ˈ kúlla-lampən y-awɛ́wa knìše,ˈ ʾu-mrùzgeˈ ʾu-mùtte,ˈ wíḏe ta-malhə̀xwala.ˈ

ʾítwalən ṭàrmaˈ y-óḏəxwa kanùna.ˈ kanúna y-oḏə́xwale hàtxa,ˈ xa-kepa ʾàxxa,ˈ xa-képa xéna ʾàxxa,ˈ ʾàxxa-wˈ mattə́xwa qɛ̀sa-wˈ máttəxwa tannə̀kka.ˈ bắzəxwa tannə̀kka.ˈ tannə́kka t-nùṭa lɛ́la?ˈ mṭăbəqə̀xwalaˈ băzíwale yalùnke.ˈ ʾu-mattə́xwa quṣxàne b-réše.ˈ y-oḏə́xwa nùra,ˈ ʾáwwəl ma-t-ràxəṯ,ˈ garšə́xla qɛ̀se,ˈ pɛ́šiwa pàlle,ˈ hédi hédi bašə́lwa ʾixàla.ˈ y-apə́xwa lə́xma ràqqe,ˈ y-apə́xwa zeḏáye gu-tanùra.ˈ ṭḷáṯa ʾarbà-ṭuxmə lə́xma y-apə́xwa.ˈ y-apə́xwa qəllòra.ˈ xəṭṭe-romàye,ˈ ʾáni maṣlə́xwa ʾə̀rxe,ˈ ṭaxnə̀xwala.ˈ là kúlla náše.ˈ bas-ʾàxni,ˈ ʾo-t-băyèwa.ˈ ṣalə̀xwa,ˈ maṣlə́xwa ʾan-xə́ṭṭe romàye.ˈ ṭaxníwa y-oḏíwa qámxa daqìqa y-awéwa.ˈ ʾu-lɛšə̀xwale,ˈ dɛrə́xwa xmìra gáweˈ ʾu-y-àpəxwale.ˈ y-ápəxwa ta-xlìma y-awéwa,ˈ ta-dábšəx b-tanùra.ˈ xánči qámxa m-àxxa,ˈ xánči m-àxxa,ˈ y-apə̀xwala.ˈ ʾaw-rába basìma y-áwe he-b-àlaha.ˈ qəllòra,ˈ y-amrə́xxe qəllòra.ˈ zeḏáye ləxmət xə̀ṭṭele.ˈ … pràgeˈ práge daqìqe,ˈ ʾáxxa hon-xzíṯa práge dɛ́ri ta-ṭɛ̀re.ˈ lə́xmət sàṛe.ˈ ʾarbà-ṭuxme y-apə́xwa ʾáxni.ˈ ʾìtwalən xə́ṭṭe.ˈ náše mšahɛ́wa šăhìya.ˈ y-azə́lwa lə̀bbənˈ y-oḏə̀xwa,ˈ ṭaxnə́xwa xànči,ˈ hàtxa.ˈ y-ápəxwale xámka yomàne.ˈ ʾaw-kúlla b-tanùra.ˈ lɛ́le gu-bɛ̀ṯa.ˈ mắṯălan ʾáyya màṯən,ˈ ʾáxni gòṛtɛla máṯa ʾƐ̄n-Nùne,ˈ ʾítwalən yapyanyàṯaˈ tré baxtàṯa,ˈ xa-m-ày-gota,ˈ xa-m-ày-gota.ˈ kút-xa-w ʾax-t-̭ámrənwa ʾána ʿăšíra dìya.ˈ ʾítwalən ʾáxni xálti Širìneˈ ʾu-ʾámti Xàmmeˈ y-apíwa lə̀xma.ˈ lɛšíwale baxtàṯaˈ ʾu-nablíwale mattíwale rəš-tanùra.ˈ kut-xămèwaˈ y-apyàwale.ˈ ʾáp-ʾayya xéta xálti Širìne.ˈ

tre-tanúre ʾíṯwa gu-màṯa.ˈ qamáye tre-tanùre.ˈ díya kút-bɛṯa ʾítle xa-tanùra.ˈ hadíya lìṯwa yapyanyàṯa.ˈ píšla máṯa ràbṯa.ˈ dukáne ʾìṯwa,ˈ bas-qímla kút-xa bnáya tanúra ta-gàne.ˈ

mapəlxítuwa màrzaq?ˈ
ṭə̀lme,ˈ lawàše.ˈ ʾáxni gamrə̀xwaˈ ʾu-ʾay-mṭapyàwa.ˈ ʾáni b-tanùre y-apə́xwala,ˈ biš-basìme y-áwa.ˈ ʾɛ́-gə ṱ-awéwa mắṯălan báwṯə Ninwàyeˈ y-apə́xwa làzəm háwɛ ṭə́lme.ˈ b-tanúra kùllən y-apə́xwa.ˈ ṭə́lme mattə́xxa ʾárba xámša gràma-wˈ màrzəq.ˈ gòṛe y-awéwa.ˈ zeḏáye là,ˈ b-ʾìḏən.ˈ

čámče y-oḏíwa t-qɛ̀sa.ˈ ʾo-níxət bábi y-awə́ḏwa baxošyàṯa.ˈ ʾína čangále lìtwa.ˈ čangále lìtwa,ˈ le-y-áxləx b-čàngəl.ˈ ʾáxni le-y-áxləx b-skinyáṯa čangàle.ˈ

badòde.ˈ baxšə́xwa nùra.ˈ

gàzzaˈ šaqlə́xwa lə́xma bìyeˈ gu-tanùra.ˈ

módi mxallə̀xwala?ˈ marəxṯə́xwa qə̀ṭma,ˈ y-awéwa hámmaše qə́ṭmət bə̀ṭme.ˈ

ʾánna čámče ʾíṯ xáṣət ʾilánta d-ánna čàmče.ˈ qɛ́sət màlka y-amrə́xle.ˈ gu-kúlla Bɛ̀rwərˈ ṭḷàṯa dukáne ʾíṯ.ˈ y-asə́qwa bábi mbádla hal-b-lɛ́le mɛṯéwa xa-qə́ṭṭət qɛ̀sa.ˈ y-atúwa wáḏa čàmče.ˈ ʾítwale xàpro,ˈ ʾítwale xaṣìna.ˈ kùlla məndiyáne y-awə́ḏwa.ˈ y-awə́ḏwala šṭràne,ˈ kúlla máṯa bàbi y-awə́ḏwala čamčéy.ˈ

Translation:

Tail fat came from a sheep. We would slaughter the sheep, white, white small cattle. We would slaughter it, then we would fry the tail fat and put it in everything, in _dolma_ (stuffed vine leaves), meat. We would make fried meat. We would put rice in this fried meat. The meat was very fatty. We would cook tail fat and rice, which was called _qawurma._ On the second day of the festival (of Easter) we would make a memorial. Everybody would take down a pan of _gərðo_ or, those who wanted, chickens on rice and, those who wanted, _qawurma_. (This was) on the day of the _gayasa_ ceremony, after the Easter festival. People would go around (making) festival blessings and would go and hold a ceremony for the dead in the cemetery—may (death) be far from these places! Everybody would perform the ceremony. Priests, deacons would go to the graves. It was not like now. They were in a village then. In all villages it (the cemetery) was behind the church, behind the church. They would go and the priests would perform the ceremony and they come back after midday and eat lunch.

Tail fat is from white small cattle (sheep), a lamb, sheep, not goats, not black (small cattle), as we call them. Tail fat (comes from) white small cattle, lambs, a full grown male sheep—for _qalya_ a full grown male sheep. We would slaughter a lamb for everyday (use). For example, if today we have guests, we would slaughter, it was just enough. We would roast meat. We would make a fire, in which there were roots and large pieces of wood. We would make it into glowing embers. If we had a griddle, we would put it on the griddle, if there were a few (guests). If there were many people, no. (We would cook on) a hearth, which we would fill with kebabs of meat.

_Qalya_ is tail fat and fatty meat. They put it in first before the red meat. They would make pieces of meat small like this or, if people wanted, big. We would make meat pieces for eating. We would put eggs in it (the _qalya_). We would cook stew in it. We would put it in _praxe_ (stuffed vine leaves), in _dolma_ (stuffed vine leaves), _duxma_ (meat and barley cooked in yoghurt), _məjja_ (dissolved yoghurt cakes), which is _dawwe_ (yoghurt water). When we shook the churn, we would take out the _č̣ita_ (yoghurt curds), that is we would take out the butter. We would boil the _dawwe_ in a big pan. The yoghurt boiled and we let it separate. The water sepa-rated. The water was clear, the yoghurt water. We would put it in a bag, a large bag, which we sewed specially for _dawwe_. We put the _dawwe_ in and left a little in the pan. Then we hung it on a tree. There was a tree, under which we placed a vessel so that it did not scatter, so that the water of the _dawwe_ did not scatter. It became thick and we made it into a _qaška_ (cake of dried yoghurt), like meat balls. Then we laid them out, not in the sun, we put them in the shade. It dried (to be kept) for the winter. In winter we made it into _duxwa_. We would dissolve it in an earthen vessel, from Dɛrəgni. Everybody had one. It had handles and a place where the _dawwe_ flows down. We strained it. We would crush barley in a mortar. We winnowed it and removed the husks. We washed it and added meat, added tail fat, added bones. The bones were dry, the bones were dried. We would put it in the _duxwa_. It cooked while we sat stirring it, for a hundred years! Turnips, yes, we added turnips. But here (in London) we have come to put meat balls (in _duxwa_). (This was the case) in Moṣul and such places, but not us in Barwar. We would make _gərðo._ As for _xumṣa_, we would mash meat in rice. The rice was the third one (in the degree of fineness). In the first round (of sieving) we make (ordinary) rice. In the second round (we make) _dolma_. The third round, the fine one (with the) fine sieve, crushed rice. We would soften it and put meat in it, then mash it. We did not put meat balls in it. We do that here, that is in a town, in Moṣul, in Baghdad. It had to be all meat. We used to take a large cutlet of meat. It used to cook in the _xumṣa_, (together with) bones, turnips and so forth. We would clean sumac berries. We would put sumac berries in water and boil them. There was a froth on top, as we call it. They would strain this and put it in the rice. (It was) water of sumac berries.

What would they make with rice?
With rice we would make _xumṣa_, we would make meat balls with rice. We called it meat balls with sauce. We would put tomatoes and tomato purée in the sauce. But the dish consisting only of _xumṣa_ is whitish. We did not put any red tomatoes in it. We would make _dolma_, we would make _gərðo_ and stew. The _gərðo_, which is thick,is for church memorial festivals. But the stew, which we made for ourselves, was somewhat watery, but not too much. We would put in it oil, tahini, crushed sesame. Raisin syrup, yes, but we rarely used it. But we used to have it. My uncle’s family used to make it in Musakka, (where there were) many of those black grapes.

And dolma?
Yes, by God! Every two or three days. If there was meat, if we had slaughtered sheep, we would serve meat. We did not use celery in our community. We did not use it. Now we use it. Onion and garlic, rice, leaves, vine leaves, chard leaves, cabbage leaves. Onion was always in it. A head of garlic, like that. We would make two types. My uncle’s family and the family of my mother’s uncle did not like garlic. Nor did they like onions. We would add (onions) but say to them ‘no’ (we have not added it). But garlic never came near them.

How would you make cheese?
We would collect a lot of milk, four times. We would collect it in a pot and strain it. We would put lots of it (in the pot) and heat it up slightly. They would make a cheese rennet. I don’t know what it was from. (They would add) peppers, spices, and would add something else, black pepper, the big one, not the crushed one. Not everybody knows how to make it. Only a few women make it. My mother learnt from her mother, who was from Ashitha. It was not possible for it to remain a year in the house. They prepared it from time to time for a few days. In the Spring there was a lot of milk and they would make cheese, but in Summer they could not, since the milk was in short supply. They would heat it slightly. They did not boil it. They would heat it slightly, add rennet and cover it, then it would become cheese. They would put it in a bag, then lay it out. We had flat stones, one beneath and one above, so that it was compressed and became cheese. It was like this in rounds. They would cut it with a large knife.

Did they put _sərke_ in it?
No, but we put _sərke_ in _jajək_. No. We would put a layer of it, that is _jajək_, and a (layer of ) cheese on top of it, then we would put _sərke_ in it. They would make it (like this) and then mix it together. We used to call (the herb) _sərmo_. We would bury it in the earth. If we put (a herb in it), we would put _sərmo_ in it. If we wanted (to use) garlic for cooking, it was up to us. If we want, we cook (with it), (if we do not) want, we don’t. In Spring we make everything from it. We would fry it and put it in a frying pan. We would put the frying pan on the embers.

How would you make cheese?
Yoghurt—we would fetch milk and boil it. It would cool slightly. We would put a portion of yoghurt in it and it would become yoghurt. That yoghurt would become sour. We would leave it and shake it in a churn. We would serve it as _dawwe_. We would extract butter. (We used) _dawwe_ also for (making) _qaška_, for cooking, for drinking, _dawwe_ (was used) for everything.

They made preparations. For eight days we would bake bread. We would prepare the tree. For the tree they would bring all kinds of fruit. They would set up the tree. At that time there was no cake. They would go up onto the roof, at the time when they brought the bride and shake it. They would buy it—it was the uncle of the groom (who bought it first). He would sell the tree. Then other people bought it. They joined in. We used to sell the tree. Weddings were like that in the old days. They would make preparations for the wedding. They would slaughter sheep, they would cook, they prepared food, they prepared arak and wine, and all sorts of things, to drink. We would make pickles by ourselves. We would put them (the drinks) in pots, large pots, the ones used for water.

What were the clothes of the bride like?
Stockings, shoes, long clothes, clothes of purple fabric, a dress of purple fabric, a velvet waist-coat, all made of embroidered _zargəf_ fabric, a head-scarf, and a rose, which they would put in the head-scarf like this, a belt, a necklace. In the old days people would dress up for a wed-ding. They would put on silver bangles (on their veils). They would put on a belt. They would put on earrings. They would put on a necklace. My mother had one. They were all made of silver. Bracelets. Everything was silver. A ring of silver. At that time, in the old days, there was no (special wedding) ring. They only made an (ordinary) ring, which was silver. At that time they dressed her as usual. They would put on a wedding veil with a head-scarf (underneath), according to how high (the wedding veil) was. The head-scarf and the wedding veil were on her head for three days, nobody uncovered her. It was not allowed for the bride to be uncovered. The cover had to be on her head. (It was) like a thin shawl, (it was) not thick.

What was the clothing of the groom like?
The clothing of the groom—Ṭiyare clothes, a shirt, embroidered long sleeves, a shawl, a golden dagger, if he had a golden dagger. We had one. Not everybody. Not everbody had gold. They did not ask for it (from others). In our family they did not ask, since we had one.

They would fire rifles. The people who brought the bride, the people who washed the bride would fire guns. If the bride was from the village, they would take her round the village on the back of mules. They called it _čappe buke_. She would come, enter (the house) and make with oil … and make (the sign of ) the cross in oil on the door of the house. When she entered, if they did not pledge a gift for her at the door, the bride did not agree to enter. That is, gold or something. The mother-in-law would say ‘(Take) the saucepan’. The bride did not agree, but said ‘I do not want the saucepan’. Then the sisters of the bride and her parents say ‘No, we want you to pledge a gift for her at the door’. My late father-in-law said ‘Do not make a belt or decorations. I shall buy them. I shall pledge for her a belt at the door’. He brought it at that time, but I (already) had a belt around my waist, the one belong-ing to my mother. He came and brought that belt and put it around my waist. He said ‘Now, enter!’ The wedding was very pleasant in the houses, large houses, with dancing and singing. We said that it was ‘in the meadows’. The wedding went on for three days. The wedding (is held) in the home of the groom, not that of the bride. On the seventh day they would go to the home of the bride’s father. They would invite however many they wanted and take them to the family of her father. For example, so-and-so is invited. But in our region you would invite everybody. If somebody wanted to, he would go. If he did not want, he would not. At that time my father slaughtered. Sheep were slaughtered. They cooked and made _xumṣa_, they made rice and sauce. The groom would not eat unless they pledged something to him. Now they bring them more, they give them more. Now they only want something made of gold, a cross, bracelet, a heavy fine quality ring.

How was everyday clothing like?
Everyday clothing, for women, ordinary (clothing), blouses, jackets, skirts. Skirts (have been worn) only recently, there were no skirts (worn by women) of my generation. There were shoes, either high or low ones, according to our choice. The scarf, i.e kerchief, which is a piece of _šalla_ fabric—they would tie this like this. They were big and thick. All women (wore them), then (there were) what we called satin scarves. These were red, some were black or brown. Women tied them (on their head) so that they did not have an uncovered head. It was a disgrace, at that time in our community, in the whole of Barwar, there was nobody who had an uncovered head. All people, including people from Ashitha and Ṭiyare. It was not permitted for a girl to have an uncovered head. They bought for us kerchiefs, scarves, blue, red, yellow. There were all colours. We would tie them (onto our heads). When we went down to church, it was a sin to go bare-headed. Here everybody goes to church with bare heads. How can that be permitted? It is a sin!

Did you sew clothing by yourselves?
We would sew by hand. A blouse, pleats—we called them _diyope_—a skirt—this did not require much sewing. There was the chest (of the blouse), the collar, long sleeves, which we would make. We would sew them. Some people who had gone down to Ḥabbaniyya—at that time I was not born—brought machines, hand (driven) machines. At that time there was no electricity. All the material at that time was of the very best quality. It was all silk, _santəm_ silk, _bresəm_ silk.

Did you knit?
We indeed used to knit, yes. We knitted blouses, we knitted socks. We knitted by ourselves. Whatever we wanted we knitted. We span (wool on) a spindle. We made the pure wool into balls. We would make three thin strands, which were necessary (for knitting). We would knit socks, we would knit blouses, we would knit jackets, we would knit gloves. We would knit everything. Leggings for men. There was a lot of snow. The men would wear them when they went (outside), so that their legs did not suffer (from the cold). We would knit for my father, for my brother. The Jews and the people from Gramun had a loom on which they made clothes, that is Ṭiyare clothes. They would weave knapsacks (for women) and bags (for men).

How did you make wool?
We would tease the wool. There was a comb. There was a comb, on which there were many teeth. We would tease it, comb it (until it was) so beautiful. First we took the best for clothes. The rest we called _bərgawa_ (inferior quality wool), which was thinner. This we span to make into socks, blouses, gloves, leggings. A hat was only wool. They pressed it. It was (made of ) wool of lambs. They would make it into hats. We have Ṭiyare clothes. We would knit shawls. The people from Ashitha produced the neck shawl, (made of ) lace. I have knitted with this. We used to knit these at home. We knitted everything by hand.

How were the houses in ʾƐn‑Nune?
Houses—there were villas, there were old houses. The house of the family of my father was old, but it was higher than the villas of every-body. It was two storeys (high). In big houses they made rooms like this one, wider. The rooms were big. This is a sitting room, for sitting, also in ʾƐn-Nune (we had one like this). There were many villas with six or seven rooms, eight rooms. Whoever built (such a house)—half the village (built them), some built some did not. Those who were in the Levies, those who had wages had a villa. They would send money and build houses.

In the house, underneath, there were basement stables. A base-ment for animals. The door for this, however, was not together with the door for people on this other side. For example, if this is our door, (the door of the basement) was on the other side, here, outside. Sheep, goats, each had its place. If somebody did not want it under the houses and needed the lower rooms, he would make a (separate) stable. Plots of land were abundant. They would go and build a stable consisting of two rooms, out of mud. They made it into a stable for animals. Whoever had the means, had many sheep.

In the Spring there was an enclosure. The enclosure was woven outside out of wood and leaves. In the Spring it was warm. When it rained, they brought them into the stable. There were special stables for sheep, special ones for oxen and for lambs, by themselves. Sheep were by themselves, cows and oxen, they were all by themselves. Sheep are delicate, if an ox strikes them it would kill them. Each had its own room. They made them like that. They would put out grass and put out leaves. Each time—they had times (for feeding), that is four o’clock is the animals’ dinner time.

Our house was only mud. But it did not seem so. They would lay stones and mud like these walls. They would lay stones, all were at hand. Bricks were not possible. We are not in the plains. They would make windows.

We would sleep on the roof in summer. In summer, before the rains finished, sometimes we went up and it rained, sometimes it did not. (There were) mosquito nets. Everybody (went up) with his bed, a wooden bed. We all erected sticks of wood and hung the mosquito net on them. We ourselves would sew the nets, we sewed them by hand. We sewed them by machine. The ones who had a machine were those (families) that were large. We started (making the nets) from winter time until ‘the season of the roof’. Not every year. Every few years. They would get torn and cut and we sewed (nets) to replace them. In the winter we sewed for the summer.

How did you go up to the roof?
A ladder. A ladder—some had (ladders with) rungs, with thin rungs, some had (a ladder of ) planks, like a staircase, wide rungs like steps. We put our bundles on the roof. Steps are made of stone, but a ladder is made of wood, like the ones that the electricity workers climb up. Our ladder was like that.

Where did you get water from?
Water—we have springs. One spring is called the spring of Kutto. It is on one side of the village. We have the spring of the church. Its water never dries up, in summer or winter. We have two springs. One we call the one of the lower district, the other the one of the upper district of our village.

How do you fetch water?
Vessels, cans, oil cans, with a small mouth, a can. It was sealed, a sealed oil can. We poured it away, put ash into it and cleaned it well. We put it in the sun for eight days. For those who were large families, the water of pots, jars and gourds was not enough. We often went to fetch water. We did not last from morning to evening without fetching (more), no. Every so often one of us would run off to the spring and fetch cold water. It was like that. There was no fridge in the old days. Now everything is available. A tap in the house. Taps were installed in the six-ties. (After) 1960 taps, electricity and everything were installed.

Where did people wash?
Each person washed in his own garden. Each made a wash room, wove it like this. They would weave it first with twigs, leaves, and then put sesame grass onto it. They only left a place for the smoke to come out. The water came from a channel. There was a channel running directly (into the washroom). We would boil it. We would fetch wood and put it (on the fire). There was a large pan, like this, with handles. We put it on the hearth, until the last (member of the family had finished washing). The water was always kept hot. We took water from the channel and put it in the pan. Also now our bathroom here is the same. There was _raggye_ soap and earth. As for a woman who had (long) hair, which would not (comb) down with soap, they would apply mud. There was a type of mud, which was oily, red mud. We would go down and, once every year, we would collect this mud. When it was Spring, we would collect the mud and put it aside. If a woman had hair that would not (comb) down, since it was very abundant and thick, they would apply this mud and you would see how they made it go down (with the comb), they would comb it in water.

How did you wash clothes?
By hand. In a bowl there in the washroom. In the washroom they stripped off. They all washed, young and old, then two women remained in the river channel. I used to wash and my sister used to rinse, then we laid it out to dry. We also would bathe and go home across the fields. Nowadays, however, the washrooms are in the houses. People do not go into the fields.

In winter how do you heat the houses?
A stove of wood. It was all wood. People would go and fetch wood in summer for the winter. They would bring twigs, they would cut down leaves and go home. They would bring thin pieces of wood. We would break them all. We would not bring a single twig into the house without breaking it. We would break everything outside. We would bring it up and put it aside, in the porch, and each time we would bring some in and light the stove. Big pieces of wood do not ignite straightaway. We would put some of those small pieces in it and they would burn until evening. Then you would put one or two other thick pieces of wood and it would burn by itself.

Where was the stove?
The stove was in a room. We placed it in the middle of the room. There were pipes, like tubes. These pipes came out onto the roof.

(What about) smoke?
Smoke. The smoke went up. It was not in the house. We placed the pipes one on top of the other, it went out onto the roof. We made them quite high. The smoke would go away. Even on the roof there was no smoke. Every fifteen days we would shake those pipes and take them off, (knocking them) tap tap on the ground (to clean them).

(What about) the roof?
They would roll it. They would lay down straw and roll it, so that drips (of water) would not come down (into the house). A large roller, nobody can lift it. (You needed) many men to lift it onto the roof.

(Tell me) the name of vessels.
The names of vessels. We called this a _zawərta_ (water pot). One we call a _markən_ (pot). One we call a _kawaza_ (small water jar). One we call a gourd. Gourds were like this. They were for water. There were _linyaθa_ or _line_ (pots), green pots. They would put butter in them. They would say that it does not lose its taste at all. It keeps its taste. There were many (pots) in which the butter remained for two years. There were some (in which it remained) one year. They would put it in those pots. The _burra_ was for yeast. They brought them from Dɛrəgni. We would each buy one. Each person would have one. There was a potty for young children sleeping in a cradle, in a cot. They did not urinate on themselves, but it flowed down into this (pot). We would take it, clean it and sterilize it, then put it back. It had a pipe. We set it up for a young child, we set up a joining piece, a soft joining piece. We set this up and his urine and his exrement would go down into it, into the potty. Nobody saw it, when the child was asleep. He got up and we took it and cleaned it.

There was a rug, a rug of wool. Everybody had four or five. They made it out of wool. They pressed (the wool) of sheep in Spring. There were people who were specially responsible for this job. Carpets, in the old days there were no carpets. We made big rugs. They made them into rolls. They twisted the wool. Many men (were needed to) make it. They made embroideries in them of black wool, triangles, they made crosses, they made flowers. We would spread them out (on the floor).

Where did people sit?
People sat on the ground and all around there were cushions. We laid out cushions. In recent times, carpenters have come up from Amedia and from Moṣul and everybody has made (furniture) for himself. They have walnut wood. They fell the walnut wood this year to make couches next year. (They made) by hand couches, tables, side tables, wardrobes—they made everything. In the old days they would lay out only a rug and sit on it. They would make cushions of wool and laid them around for people to lean on.

At night where did the light come from?
Lamps, lamps. In the old days, oil lamps. In the old days they would put out oil lamps. They would put out sesame oil, what do we call it?

Walnut?
No, they extracted (the oil) of the walnut tree for the church. I myself do not remember that. But my mother used to tell me and say that we used to make lamp oil from the oil of sesame or whatever was available. They put in the oil lamp something small like this, but it stayed a long time. They twisted it like this and put it out. They hung them up and would knit and sew, Amedia stitching (cross-stitch). After oil lamps, came (paraffin) lamps, wall lamps, _fānūs_ they say in Arabic. We say wall lamps or hand lamps. There are small ones. We would buy four or five. Everybody had one. People would go down (to see) the sheep (in the basement stable), they would go down when the cows were giving birth. Everybody had one. We had two or three. We put them outside in the porch. Two or three were hung in the house. They hung them up and we would weave lace pieces and embroider them. We would put paraffin in them every day in the evening, at four o’clock. All our lamps were swept out, prepared and set for us to light them.

We had a porch, where we set up a hearth. We made a hearth like this, one stone here, another stone here, and here. We laid wood and set up a can. We would make a hole in the can, an oil can, right? We would flatten it and the young children would make holes in it. We put cooking pots on it. We made a fire. As soon as it boiled, we pulled away the wood and it became embers, and the food would cook very slowly. We would bake thin bread. We would bake flat breads in the oven. We would bake three or four types of bread. We would bake _qəllora_. (This was) maize seeds. We brought them down to the water-mill and ground them. Not everybody, but we did, whoever wanted to. We would go down and take the maize seed down, grind it and make it into fine flour. We would knead it and put leaven in it, then baked it. We baked it when it was thick so that we could stick it onto the oven. (We put) a little flour here and a little here and baked it. This was indeed very tasty. It is called _qəllora_. _Zeðaye_ (flat breads) are made of wheat. (There was) millet, fine millet. Here (in London) I have seen people put out millet for the birds. Barley bread. We used to bake four types. We had wheat. People had an appetite (for different breads). If we felt like it, we made them. We ground a little (flour), like this. We baked for a few days. This was all in the oven, not in the house. For example, this village of ours, our village of ʾƐn-Nune was big, we had baker women. (These were) two women, one this side (of the village), one the other, each one with her tribe, as I used to say. We had aunt Širine and aunt Xamme, who baked bread. The women would bake and take (the bread) and put it on the oven. She (aunt Xamme) would bake whichever (dough) had risen. Also the other one, aunt Širine.

There were two ovens in the village. In the old days there were two ovens. Now every house has an oven. Recently there have not been any baker women. The village has become large. There were places (for baking), but everybody has built an oven for himself.

Did you use a _marzaq_?
_ṭəlme_ and _lawaše_. We would press it down and she (the baker woman) would stick it (onto the oven). We baked these in the oven, they were very delicious. When it was, for example, the (fast of) the Rogation of the Ninevites, we had to bake _ṭəlme_. We all baked them in the oven. We would put out five or six _ṭəlme_, rolling them out (and used) a _marzəq_. They were large. _Zeðaye_ no, we (made them) by hand.

We would make spoons out of wood. My late father made ‘stirring’ spoons. But there were no forks. There were no forks. We do not eat with forks. We do not eat with knives and forks.

Pokers (_badode_)—we used to stir the fire (with them).

Tongs (_gazza_)—we would pick up the bread with them in the oven.

What did we clean with? We would boil ash. This was always the ash of the terebinth tree.

The spoons—there is a special tree for those spoons. We call it ‘wood of the king’. In all of the Barwar region there are three places (where it grows). My father used to go up from morning until evening and bring back a piece of wood. He would sit down and make spoons. He had a trowel, he had an axe. He made everything. He made them beautiful. My father made spoons for all the village.